学士学位英语|英语语法:状语从句(一)
状语从句
1,主系表句型----- be (连系动词do)
2, 主谓宾----- do(vt)
3、 主谓----- do(vi)----
4,主谓宾补----do(vt)
5,主谓宾宾---do(vt)
6,There be (do)+ 主语+状语
前面我们说过,定语是修饰名词的,定语从句放在名词之后;状语修饰动词,只要句子中出现动词就可以用状语来修饰,将这个状句变成一个be句型或do句型就是状语从句。
例句:
一、状语的位置:
I played football carefully in the playground for the next competition on weekend
主 谓 宾 方式状语 地点状语 目的状语 时间状语
我周末为了下一次的比赛在草场上小心翼翼地踢足球。
小结:状语由副词和介词短语充当,中文把状语放在动词的前面,英文把状语放在动词的后面。
二、状语从句:
1、I played football carefully in the playground on weekend because I want to
Winthe next competition
我周末为了赢得下一次的比赛在操场上小心翼翼地踢足球。
2、I played footballas I shouted her name loudly in the playground on weekend for the next competition
↓↓↓↓
主 谓 宾 状
我周末为了下一次的比赛在操场一边大声喊她的名字一边踢足球。
一、时间状语从句:
1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如:
Whenyou think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.
当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim.
我游泳的时候,请你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving asyour hand pushes through it.
当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动。
①when有“突然”的意思,这是非常重要的考点。
We had dinnerwhensomeone knocked at the door .
I walked in the stree when I met him
②while有前后相反,前后形成鲜明对比的意思,翻译成“然而”,“虽然”等意思,这是非常重要的考点。
We are writing homework, while they are dancing
The soilders face the powder, while the beauty powder the faces
注:表示“对比”含义的“转折”:①while, whereas,instead ②by(in) contrast, on the other hand, in comparison, conversely ,on the contrary,
③while一词后面一般用进行态:
While my wifewas reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)
④as,一边….一边…. I played football as I shouted her name loudly
2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。
当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;
It be+一段时间+before+从句
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.
我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced.
他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.
你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.
完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,1、但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:2、如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;3、如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。例如:
I didn'tgo to beduntil(till) my father came back.
直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was notuntil the meeting was over thathe began to teach me English.
直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
Please didn’t wait until I arrieved.
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
Since接时间点 for 接时间段
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就……”。例如:
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.
我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如:
Hehad no soonerarrivedhome than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No soonerhad the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had Isat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。
注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如:
By the time youcame back, I had finished this book.
到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finishedthis work.
你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如:
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.
他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我。
Wheneverthat man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”,通常译为“只要”。例如:
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.
你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body!只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况。
注:在时间状语从句里,如果从句用一般现在时,那么主句应该用一般将来时,语法上我们所说的“主将从现”
二 地点状语从句
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导。
句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如:
Where there is no rain , farming is difficult or impossible
在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。
Where there is a will , there is a way.
有志者事竟成。(谚语)
They were good persons. Where they went,( there) they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
Wherethe Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放。
句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如:
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.
有海就有海员。
Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.
无风不起浪。(谚语)
三、条件状语从句
表示状语从句由连词if, provided (that), otherwise, unless (=if not) ,on condition that 引导
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我就去.)
4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.
如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(If you don’t leave immediately, you willbe late.)
难点提示:用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.(与时间状语从句一样)
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
一般将来时, 一般现在时
They are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.
一般将来时, 一般现在时
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