学士学位英语|英语语法：分词（二）

学士学位英语|英语语法：分词（二）

3. 分词作状语

1，分词做状语是一个状语从句或者并列句的省略。现在分词表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。例：

He is ill， he doesn’t go to school .(错误)

Because he is ill, he doesn’t go to school (正确)

Being ill, he doesn’t go to school.

把because 省略，把is 改成being .

把连词省略，用分词代替谓语，主句和从句的主语相同，可省略主语

注：在时间状语从句，条件状语，地点状语从句下，连词when, while,as,if等可以保留

The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. = and added ………并列句的省略

The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, he added that he had enjoyed his stay here

② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. =which made…….非限制性定语从句的省略

European football is played in more than 80 countries, which makes it the most popular sport in the world

③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. =when we saw…….时间状语从句的省略

2、过去分词：

相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：

1、Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.

从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。

=when the city was seen from the top of the hill, it looked like a big garden

2、Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.

入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。

.

Whenhewas accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.

表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

3、Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.

激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。

Becausetheywere deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.

受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。

表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。

Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

Ifhewas given another chance, he will do better.

Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.

和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。

If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。

表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

1、Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.

尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

Although theywere Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.

2、Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.

尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

Alghough hewas laughed at by many people, he continued his study

表方式或伴随情况。

1、The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.

那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

The old man went into the room, with (as) he was supported by his wife

2、Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.

我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。

 Asmy father and I were seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.

注意：Sitting 在讲被动语法时讲过，请看被动语法----被动表主动。

注：在时间状语从句，条件状语，地点状语从句下，连词when, while,as,if, with,where等可以保留

4. 分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如：

His mother is ill, he doesn’t go to school .(错误)

Becausehis mother isill, he doesn’t go to school(正确)

His mother Being ill, he doesn’t go to school.

把because 省略，把is 改成being ,his mother不能省，因为主从句的主语不同。

Withhis lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word.

Withhis lips stilltrembled , he couldn’t say a word .

②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈！”他突然哭着喊，泪水从他的脸上流下来。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语。）

Mama! He cried suddenly, with tears was rolling down his cheeks

③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话，我们就去长城。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语。）

3. 分词作补足语

分词作补足语 :  主谓宾补句型

1、感观动词，使役动词在动词不定式的宾补形式：see, watch, hear,feel, notice, observe, catch，listen to, look at , have, make, let, help+ sb+ do；

The little boy see the old man read English

The old man was seento read Eglish by the little boy

2、动名词（现在分词做宾补）：

see, watch,hear, feel, notice, observe, catch, listen to, look at, have, keep, leave,find,get ,bring ,discover, feel ,prevent ,send ,set ,start ,stop +sb +doing

the little boy see the old man read English

the little boy see the old man reading English

3、过去分词做宾补：see,watch, hear, feel, notice, observe,listen to,look at, have, keep, leave, think ,find ,get, want, wish, like, order, make + sb/sth+done

 I   have my  hair  cut

主   谓         宾    补

I got my TV repaired

主   谓            宾    补