读后续写 |得分要领及技巧

读后续写 |得分要领及技巧

1

读后续写题型产生的背景

中央考试中心为进一步深化高考考试改革，拟定一两年内在全国高考英语试题卷取消“短文改错”题，故引进“读后续写” 这一测试题型。并于2016年率先在上海和浙江两地进行试点。

目的：深化高考考试改革，逐渐摒弃语言测试中过多的人为设置语言障碍——“非正常语言测试模式”，将语言测试回归本源，达到真正能体现语言能力的测试目的与宗旨。

2

题型介绍

1.任务要求

提供一段 350 词以内的语言材料，要求学生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写，将其发展成一篇与所给材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文（150 词左右）。

2.考查目标

读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的综合性语言测试。教育部考试中心刘庆思、陈康老师于 2016 年指出，读后续写主要关注学生以下四个方面的能力：

①把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。学生需要了解所给短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。

②语言运用的准确性和丰富性。学生能准确、恰当地使用所学词汇和语言结构，还能够根据内容需要使用较多、较复杂的词汇和语言结构。

③对语篇结构的把控能力。学生需要掌握上下文逻辑关系，所续写的短文与所给短文及段落开头语之间要有连贯性，所续写的短文内语句要连贯、有序。

④创造性思维能力。学生所续写的短文要具有较丰富的内容，包含详细和生动的情景、态度和感情描述。

3

题型分析

1.题型设计方面

读后续写：一个围绕某一具体的主题语境，基于书面语篇记叙文连续性文本的文体形式，在根据语境线索理解语篇内容、分析语篇结构，并续写语篇内容的过程中，运用语言技能获取、梳理、整合语言知识，同时运用所学语言知识创造性地表达意义，并通过运用各种学习策略，提高理解和表达效果的题型。

2.阅卷要求方面

需考虑所续写的内容：

（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；

（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；

（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；

（4）上下文的连贯性。

3.评分标准方面

需把握的具体原则为：

（1）本题总分为 25 分，按 5 个档次给分；

（2）评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分；

（3）词数少于 130 的，从总分中减去 2 分；

（4）拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑；

（5）如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。

不难看出，该题型在考查学生运用所学语言知识（如语法知识、篇章知识）进行书面语言表达的同时，也在考查学生对书面表达策略的胜任力。

可以说，该题型尤其对英语学科核心素养中的“语言能力”和“思维品质”的发展可以起到很好的促进作用。

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得分要点

1、字迹清晰。

每段首尾的字迹必须非常清楚。其实阅卷老师无论看什么作文，他的重点一般都是放在每段的首尾，首尾必须吸睛。

2、前后呼应，主题升华。

有些乱七八糟八竿子打不着的就不要乱说，读后续写一般都划出了提示词，这些提示词其实都是续写的线索，必须串联使文章紧凑。但最重要的就是主题升华，弘扬人性的真善美。

3、高级词汇怎么放？

读后续写的词汇得分点除了一般的名词、形容词、副词之外，最重要的是高级动词！因为续写侧重叙事，里面涉及到的人的动作是非常多的，比如cry，这就过于简单，要侧重细节描写，to show, not to tell, 高分作文一般就会写，With shoulders shivering, her tears cannot help streaming down her face.她的双肩哆哆嗦嗦，眼泪情不自禁的从她脸上流下来。所以类似表现喜怒哀乐的情况，都要事先做好准备（注意，两三句即可，但这两三句一定要是最佳句，如句式，高级词汇都要是最好的，熟记于心，一直用即可），侧重刻画描写，脸，手，眼睛都可以描写。

4、关于情节，提倡一波两折。

虽说读后续写没有字数限制，但是考虑到字的大小与整体篇幅限制，一般两个波折即可，如事态变坏一个转折，最后事态好转一个转折即可。侧重人物矛盾与心理冲突，比如两人之间的猜忌，后重归于好，类似小学生作文。

5

写作分析

1.从原文中整理出3～5个小的情节，从中推理出续写的主要情节。情节不能自己读后凭空想象，按自己看过的小说、电视剧情节适当推理。

2. 根据两个段首语来推理情节。段首语往往决定着这一整段话的走向，不可衔接不当。

3. 根据关键词来推理情节发展。原文中关键词一般会在十个左右，也并不是都能用上的。有一部分关键词对于预测下面的情节是很有导向意义的，因而会在后文中用的到。

关键词中，有关于情感的连接的有关于时间的指向的，有关键句线索反复出现的，要做的，是串联前面的伏笔后面是否有所体现，前文的人物关系是否把握，以及把握后是否在续写中使矛盾凸现既而解决，这些都是决定了分数高低的因素。

一般答案是可以体现这些伏笔与连接的，如果严重偏题，首先要考虑是否读懂文章，其次，杜绝天马行空的续写，需要回归文本，不需要与标准答案一致，但要体现前文的伏笔，线索，转折关系，这方面考察的是理解能力与阅读预判能力，需多练习以提升，加分项是主题升华，鸡汤加持无需多言。

4. 根据故事需要，合理地丰富、有条理地增加一些次要的情节。比如人物的表情、动作、心理活动，细节描写等。

5. 根据生活常识或者社会经验，丰富文章的细节。不可闹出不合常理的笑话。成为改卷老师紧张改卷期间的谈资。

6. 平时多练习续写微作文，找到自己所能掌控的语句长度。7句*20词=140词，8句*20词=160词，10句*15词=150词。其实续写并不是很可怕，一篇读后续写10～15句，就可以达到字数。然后分开两段，每段也就5～8句话。

7.多种句型反复练习、尝试，找到自己能够驾驭的句子类型。这样的好句可以加分不少。简单句、并列句、复合句。当然建议复合句也只是基础的复合句，无需过于复杂，有时候牵强用上反而碍事。

8. 平时注意多积累记叙文、故事方面的词汇、句型和句段、丰富自己的记叙文类英语语言的材料库。考试中用出地道的英语句子，老师一定会很欣赏。

脑中先成文，落笔就一气呵成。相对简单部分，直接书写在答卷上；重点部分可以先在草稿纸上写一下，斟酌一下词句的使用，然后誊抄上去。

6

表达积累

  脚部动作：

1. Then Lisa stood up and made her way through the crowd toward me.

2. Lisa planted her feet firmly in front of me.

3. She managed to climb onto it and waited patiently.

4. Reuben ran/rushed down Water Street, trembling with great panic.

5. The shadows were lengthening when Reuben arrived at（动作） the factory.

6. Then, clutching the tin can, he headed for the shop.

7. Racing home, Reuben burst through the front door.

8. Disappointed and frustrated, the poor man made his way back to his family.

9. Suddenly, the woman stood up and entered the house in tears.

10. And yet, they all just stood there staring at me, motionless.

11. Belle Ringer nodded thoughtfully, and Frannie hurried off to wait on the rest of her tables.

12. I led them toward a large corner booth. I could feel the rest of the staff following behind as we marched through the dining room.

13. I dragged myself through daily chores, feeling exhausted.

14. The elderly man fled away with great panic.

15. The man stepped back/stepped onto the platform to take a good look at the paintings. 

16. He leapt to his feet and rushed out of the living room.

17. He sprung from his chair and rushed to pick up the telephone.

18. He jumped up and rushed out of the living room.

19. She just sat there staring into space

20. The kids sat around a campfire

21. Please remain seated until your name is called.

22. He seated himself comfortably at the foot of the bed.

23. He took his usual seat at the front of the classroom.

24. That man is hurt, he's limping.

25. He was so drunk that he staggered all the way home.

26. She stumbled upstairs and into bed.

27. She tiptoed to the bed so as not to wake the baby.

28. They strolled around the park.

29. They enjoy wandering through the countryside.

30. He paced up and down the platform, waiting for the train.

31. Demonstrators marched through the streets of the city.

32. A baby crawls before he can walk.

33. Paul decided to edge away from the crowd.

34. The cat crept silently towards the bird.

35. The boy sneaked in without paying.

36. I must dash or I'll miss the train.

37. She goes jogging every day.

38. He tripped over the step and fell.

39. The group hiked up to the top of the hill.

40. As I was sitting in the park, I watched as couples seemed to meander around happily.

  手上动作：

1. Stunned, I stood up and gave her an awkward hug / hugged her in an awward way.

2. Speechless, she smiled radiantly and gathered her son into her arms.

3. The nearer it got, the more she waved the yellow blouse wildly .

4. The man took the sacks, reached into his pocket and placed four coins in Reuben's hand.

5. Then, clutching the tin can, he headed for the shop.

6. He parked down the street from Bobby's house, and rushed to his front door, trembling with excitement.

7. The man gently wrapped the gift in brown paper and placed the parcel in Reuben's hands.

8. Dora lifted the lid, tears beginning to blur her vision.

9. Seeing no other people notice us, I placed the Christmas present down and pounded his doorbell.

10. She didn't say a word, but smiled a watery smile and held my hand tightly.

11. As we shook hands with the new owners, I told them how fortunate they were.

12. He patted my head, and inquired: “Is there anything particular you want?”

13. He was squeezing my wrist so hard that it ached.

14. She stroked her fingers through my hair, and said: “Of course there is a Santa Clause.”

15. She handed the napkin to me, and three $20 bills fell onto my desk when I opened it.

16. Stevie looked at me, and then at his mother, then pulled out one of the napkins.

17. The class clapped warmly as Mr. Lee presented me with the reward.

18. He reached into his pocket and withdrew a note.

19. Mrs. Damon pointed to the quotation from Albert Einstein hanging on the wall.

20. Calmly he picked up the brush and started again to whitewash.

21. She nervously fingered her collar.

22. He stroked the cat and patted the dog

23. She tapped him on the shoulder.

24. He grasped my hand and we ran

25. She grabbed her briefcase and ran to the bus stop

26. The thief snatched the handbag and disappeared into the crowd.

27. Press the button.

28. Please handle the goods with great care。

29. George stood silently with his arms folded.

  情感描写：

1.喜乐

① The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。

② A smile of understanding flashed across his face.他脸上露出了一种理解的微笑。

③  A ripple of excitement ran through them.一阵激动声穿过他们。

④  Laughter lingered around the room.笑声在房间里萦绕。

⑤ His eyes twinkled with pleasure.他的眼睛闪烁着快乐。

⑥ A wild gaiety（快乐） took hold of her.一种疯狂的快乐控制了她。

⑦ Unforgettable were her eyes that shone like diamonds and lips held in a steady

smile.令人难忘的是她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光，嘴角保持着稳定的微笑。

⑧  I was wild with joy.我欣喜若狂。

⑨  I was pleased beyond description.我高兴得难以形容。

⑩  She wore a shining smile on her face.她脸上带着灿烂的笑容。

⑪ Her smile lit up the whole room.她的笑容照亮了整个房间。

⑫ She shed tears of joy.她高兴得流下了眼泪。

⑬ Her eyes were sparkling like diamonds.她的眼睛闪着钻石般的光芒。

⑭ She was overflowing with happiness.她洋溢着幸福。

⑮ Her flushed face was shining with excitement.她激动得满脸通红。

⑯  Joy welled up inside her.她心中涌起喜悦。

⑰  I was floating on air.我漂浮在空中。

⑱  Amusement gleamed in his eyes.他眼睛流露出愉快的神情。

 2.愤怒

①     I was seized by anger.我充满了愤怒。

②     He was fuming with rage.他气得大发雷霆。

③     His anger boiled over.他的愤怒爆发了。

④     He could hardly/scarcely contain his rage.他几乎控制不住怒火。

⑤     He was breathing fire and fury.他充满着怒火。

⑥     His voice trembled with anger.他的声音因愤怒而颤抖。

⑦     He gave me a look of burning anger.他愤怒地看了我一眼。

⑧     He glared at me with burning eyes.他用灼热的目光怒视着我。

⑨     He flared up at the word.他一听到这个字就勃然大怒。

⑩     His face clouded with anger.他气得脸色阴沉。

 3.悲伤烦恼

 ①He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks.他静静地站着，眼泪顺着面颊流了下来。

②  I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。

③ Her hands were shaking. She was on the verge of tears.她的手在颤抖。她快要哭了。

④     Hearing the news, so desperate was he that he drowned sadness in wine.听到这个消息，他绝望地把悲伤淹没在酒里。

⑤     She burst into tears and ran out of the room.她突然哭了起来，跑出了房间。

⑥     She sobbed, hiding her face in her hands.她掩面哭泣。

⑦     I tried to fight back tears.  /My eyes were filled with tears.

我努力忍住眼泪。/ 我的眼里充满了泪水。

⑧  A frown（皱眉）now stood on his face.他皱起了眉头。

⑨  They sat there with glum looks on their faces.   他们坐在那里，带着一脸忧郁。 

⑩  The news cast a cloud of gloom over his face.这消息使他脸上蒙上了一层阴影。

⑪ He brimmed over with sorrow when...他满是悲伤……

⑫ They were immersed in sorrow.他们沉浸在悲痛之中。

⑬  These days he was in low spirits.这些日子他情绪低落。

 4.害怕

①He turned to me, with his eyes full of horror.他转过身来，眼里充满了恐惧。

②Fear slowly creeps upon her.恐惧慢慢地蔓延到她身上。

③She was struck with horror when...她感到恐惧……

④She was choked by fear.她因恐惧而窒息。

⑤Her face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied.她脸色苍白地站在那里，舌头打结。

⑥A flood of fear welled up in him. / Fear flooded over him.

他心中涌起一阵恐惧。 / 恐惧淹没了他。

⑦Her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated（窒息）.

她的心跳得厉害，几乎窒息而死。

⑧She shook all over, feeling like sitting on pins and needles.

 她浑身颤抖，觉得如坐针毡。

5. 感动

①  Touched deeply/immensely, we…被深深感动，我们……

② Tears filling her eyes, she offered her heartfelt gratitude.她热泪盈眶，表示衷心的感谢。

③  With tears streaming down her face, she... 泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来，……

6. 宽慰

①  Seeing their task finished gives them a sense of satisfaction.

② When he heard this, he was was wild with joy.