14. 高考英语语法考情分析及真题感悟：定语从句

考情分析

   定语从句的考察都是历年高考的主要考点。定语从句的考查主要集中在关系词的选择上，而对关系词的选择主要是依据定语从句所缺何种成分来判定。未来高考对于定语从句的出题方向依然是考查对关系词的选择。

01、真题感悟

真题感悟

1.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·63) Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.

答案：where

解析：考查定语从句。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spot，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。

2.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷·62) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,  ________ she opened with her late husband Les.

答案：which

解析：考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句, 在从句中作opened的宾语，且先行词是shop，故用which。

3.(2017全国Ⅲ卷·64) But Sarah,  _____ has  taken  part in  shows  along  with  top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

答案：who

解析：考查定语从句。因谓语动词是后面的wants，所以两个逗号之间是一个定语从句，先行词是人又在从句中作主语，故填who。

02、真题再练

真题再练

单句语法填空

1. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·61) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 

2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·61) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

3. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·64) They were well trained by their masters ____________ had great experience with caring for these animals.

4. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·66) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in  2014 _____________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 

5. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ___________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers...

6. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food…Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,  ________ is not good for the health. 

7.(2016全国Ⅰ卷·65) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _______ I was the first Western TV reporter…

8. (2016全国Ⅲ卷)…the great Chinese scholar Confucius,  ______ lived from roughly 551 to 

479 B.C. , influenced…

9.(2015全国Ⅰ卷) I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River  ___________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 

10.(2014全国Ⅰ卷) Maybe you have a habit  ___________ is driving your family crazy.

答案

真题再练：单句语法填空

1. whose考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且在从句中作paintings的定语，两者之间是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。

2. that考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处句子结构完整, 空格后为同位语从句, 解释说明evidence的内容, 故填that。

3.  that或who考查定语从句。引导定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词为masters，故填that/who。

4. that或which考查定语从句。先行词是a study，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。

5. that或which考查定语从句。先行词是program，指物，定语从句中缺主语，用关系代词that或which。

6. which考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句的内容，即“脂肪和盐两者都可能吃得太多”，这对健康不利。在从句中作主语，用which。

7. when考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词是the mid-1980s，并在从句中作时间状语，故用when。

8. who考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius, 在从句中作主语，用who。

9. which或that先行词 考查定语从句。是tops and dark waters，并在从句中作主语，用which或that。

10. which或that先行词 考查定语从句。先行词是habit，并在从句中作主语，用which或that。