书面表达常见动词错误分析

书面表达常见动词错误分析

      无论从词法还是句法上讲，英语中动词是最关键的。而在高考英语书面表达评分中，动词错误往往又是扣分的重点。所以同学们在写作时要特别注意动词的正确使用。一般来说，中学生在写作中出现的动词错误主要有以下几个方面：

一、时态误用

二、语态错误 

三、词形错误

四、词性错误

五、词义错误

六、非谓语动词错误

七、句式错误

一、时态误用

一般来说，根据写作要求能够非常明确地判断出应该主要用什么时态，像写日记、看图书面表达，讲述发生的一件事，其主要时态就是一般过去时。

出现时态错误的主要原因是：（1）对各种时态的基本概念不清楚（2）时间立足点把握不准（3）母语干扰 由于汉语动词没有时态变化，许多同学缺乏时态概念（4）考场时间不够

 He   is   working     in   this company ever since he was graduated from college.The teacher explained that light trvaeled faster than sound.      

has been working 

travels

二、语态错误

Mary was dressing in white.

dressed

The story was happened long long ago.

We watched the train till it was disappeared.

英语中seat， dress，devote 

等动词常用被动语态

belong to, break out, disappear, happen, 

occur, take place, 等词无被动语态

三、词形错误

动词有过去式、过去分词、现在分词、单数第三人称形式。

In short, things have began to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.

I was studiing in my room when the telephone rang.

The driver drived so fast that the car knocked into a truck.

The news spreaded quickly.

begun

studying

drove

spread

四、词性错误

1.及物动词与不及物动词混用

The teacher entered into the classroom.      

We all agreed  Mary’s idea.  

It is our duty to serve for the people heart and soul.   

Mary married with John two years ago.   

with

易用错的这类不及物动词有happen, take place, occur, break out, come about, come true, go out, belong to, remain, disappear等及物动词有marry, enter, serve, reach等 

2. 实意动词和系动词的误用

The music sounds well.

good

英语中look, sound, taste, smell, feel等

表示感觉的连系动词后接形容词作表语

This record is sold good.

sells

well

英语中有些说明主语自身特性的动词常用

主动语态表被动含义，如sell, wash, write等

This cloth ____________.(好洗）

This pen ______________.(书写流利)

The door _____________.(好关)

washes easily

writes smoothly

closes well

3. 动词形容词介词的混用

Our PE teacher is ill. Who will instead of him?

instead of 为介词，应改为take the place of, 

或者说Who will take his class instead?

They all against your plan.

are

I favourite English.

favourite 可用作形容词或名词不能做谓语，

应改为My favourite is English.

或English is my favourite (subject). 

4. 瞬间动词和延续性动词的混用

英语中瞬间动词不能语“段”时间连用应将其替换为状态动词或延续性动词

He lent me a book and told me that I

could borrow it for a week.

keep

注意此类动词的替换arrive-be;buy-have;

die-be dead;join-be in;leave-be away; 

fall in love-be in love;

get married-be married

B. 瞬间动词与till或until引导的时间状语从句或构成的短语连用时，应使用否定形式，否则应使用状态动词或延续性动词He    went    to  bed  until  eleven  o’clock.

didn’t go

或改为He worked until 11 o’clock.

He      got      married   until  he was 30.

didn’t get

或改为He stayed single until he was 30.

He fell asleep until 9 o’clock the next morning.

slept

五、词义错误

The big fire spread through the building quickly, but luckily everybody         tried      to   escape. 

We all     persuaded     Father to give up smoking, but he wouldn’t listen.

The young man pointed to a policeman over there, explained and said, “He stopped us an hour ago.” 

managed

tried to persuade

and explained

六、非谓语动词错误

After   walk   for a while, you will come to a hill.

Seeing from space, the earth looks like a large blue ball.

This problem may lead to more serious ones if leaving unsolved.

There are five pairs _____, but I’m at a loss which to buy.

   A. to be chosen       B. for choosing

   C. to choose            D. to choose from

walking

Seen 

left

D

七、句式错误

My classmates suggest me to study  hard.

advise

studying

My  classmates suggest that I (should) study

 hard.

Welcome you to visit our school.

You are welcome to (come to) our school for a visit

有些动词不能接不定式作补语，这类动词有

agree, demand, hope, insist, suggest, welcome等

There used to have two trees in the yard.

be

Wish you much progress