专升本英语语法：从句

专升本英语语法：从句

名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

主语从句在句中做------主语

宾语从句在句中做------宾语

表语从句在句中做------表语

同位语从句在句中-----同位语

1. That he will come is certain. 

（That he will come）主语从句

2. I know that he will come.

（that he will come）宾语从句

3. The truth is that I have been there.

（that I have been there）表语从句

4. The fact that she was late surprised us.

（that she was late）同位语从句

从句的特征:

是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外)

 主语从句-位于句首

从句引导词:

that  whether  who  whom  whose  what  which when  where why  how

1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 

他懂英语,这一点大家都知道

That无词义,不可省略 Details 

2. What surprised me was to see him here .

令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他. 

What “什么”  Details 

3. When he will come is unknown .

他什么时候来不清楚.

When “什么时候”  Details 

4. Whether he is coming doesn’t matter much.   

他来不来没什么要紧的

主语从句不用 if   Details 

5. It  remains a secret  how they climbed up the mountain.

他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.

 主语太长了!放到句尾

主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It

表语从句-系动词后面

从句引导词:        同主语从句 (11个), 外加as if /  as though, 

1. The truth is  that he has never been to the countryside.

实际情况是他从未去过农村.                                     that  一般不省略

2. The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.

问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.  表语从句不用 if

3. It looks as if it were going to rain. 

好象看上去要下雨似的.   (其实不会)

as if /as though从句常表示不真实的情况

又比如:

She talks as if /as though she had been there before .           她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的.                                   

4. This school is no longer what it was before.

这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that 

More 

注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法

1、This is where Lu Xun once lived.

这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.                        

2、That was how they won the match.

他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.                      

3、This is why she got up so early this morning.

这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.

1、我们就是这样克服困难的.

This is / That was  how we overcame the difficulties.

2、那就是他昨天缺席的原因.

That is why he was absent yesterday.

3、这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.

This is where we met last Sunday.

  宾语从句

从句引导词:   ( 同主语从句 ) ,增加 if ,可与whether互换, 但不与 or not 连用

1. They pretended ( that ) they    knew how to do it. 

他们假装知道怎么做这事。                          That从句做pretend的宾语

More 

2. I thought to myself that he    was not telling the truth.

我暗中想他讲的不是真话.  谓语与从句之间有插入语时,that 不可省略

3.She said (that) she couldn’t tell me and that I couldn’t understand.

宾语从句并列时,只省略第一个  that 

4. Everything depends on whether we have enough time.  ( if )X错

5. I don’t know whether he will come or not.  ( if )X错

6. The question is whether he will agree .    ( if )X错

if /whether 表示“是否” 可以互换,五种情况只用whether:  

1.在介词后面

2.与or not连用

3.在主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句中