英语作文专题十九：作文

专题十九  作文

第一章 应用文

应用文：包括书信（或电子邮件）、日记、请假条、留言条、遗失启事、招领启事、通知、发言稿、报道等。特点：朴实、准确、简洁。

第一节 书信与电子邮件

一、 申请信

申请信模板

Dear____ (称呼)，

   I am extremely pleased to see your advertisement for the position in ____ (信息来源). And I would like to write a letter to tell you that____ (说明自己能胜任)./ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of job you are advertising.

   I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand,____ (胜任原因一).On the other hand,____ (胜任原因二). I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

   I shall be much grateful if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview .I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and success.

                                       

申请信常用句型

1、I work hard and I can get along well with others.

2、I have received a good education. I’m good at and I do well in

3、If you give me the chance, I’ll work hard and try to be a good

4、I would very much like to have an opportunity for a personal interview. My phone number is

5、I’ll greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.

6、I shall be much thankful if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.

7、I’m very / extremely pleased to see your advertisement for a /an in the newspaper / on the Internet.

8、I would like to write a letter to tell you that I’m suitable for the job you are advertising.

范文

假如你叫李华，最近你校在为一批来自英国的学生征求住宿，你有意申请。请用英语给校长写封申请信，说明你申请的理由：

1、 住房宽敞，有私家车；

2、 擅长英语，乐于交流；

3、 去年接待过英国学生，累积了一些经验。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

2、 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；

3、 信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir,

I ’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host families for the British students.

Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully-equipped apartment answers all their needs. Apart from the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby places of interest. With fluent English and an outgoing personality, I’m sure I will have no difficulty communicating with them. Above all, we hosted two British students last year, through which we’ve gained lots of experience. In addition, my mother’s expert cooking can guarantee them a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.

I would greatly appreciate it if I could have the chance to host them and make friends with them.

   

二、邀请信

邀请信模板

Dear___ (称呼)，

   ____(活动的内容、时间、地点). I’m writing to invite you to ____ (发出邀请)。

   There are some points you may want to know about ____(活动的具体内容).During____, we will have lots of activities you are interested in. First, ___（活动介绍一）.Second,___(活动介绍二).

I believe that you will be very interested in ___ (受邀人参加理由). For one thing / First,____ . For another thing / Second,____.

Since the ____ will begin___, is it possible____(提出希望)？I really hope your can come./ I’m looking forward to ____.

                                                                  Yours,

                                                                     _____（署名）

邀请信常用句型

1、May I have the honor of your company at dinner?

2、I hope you’re not too busy to come.我期望您在百忙之中光临。

3、We sincerely / faithfully hope you can attend

4、The will be held on in / at (某活动)将在（时间、地点）举行

5、You will be my most respected guest to come to

6、Please let me know soon if you decide to come.

7、Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience.

范文

假如你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛（speech contest），希望附近某大学外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。

英语演讲比赛

主题：人与自然

时间：6月15日下午2：00-5：00

地点：501教室

参赛选手：10名学生

联系人：李华（电话44876655）

                    欢迎大家光临！

                            

Dear Ms.Smith,

I’m Li Hua the leader of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School. I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for our English speech and be a judge.

The contest, the theme of which is Man and Nature, will be held in the Room 501 from 2:00 to 5:00 on the afternoon of June 15. What’s more, there will be 10 students taking part in it. I’m sure it will be a great success if you can give us some precious remarks.

I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation. My telephone number is 44876655. Looking forward to your reply.

With best wishes,

Li Hua

三、求职信

求职信模板

Dear___ (称呼)，

   I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in ___ (报纸名称) of ___（广告发布时间）.

   Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, I also have the right personality for a ___(工作名称).On the other hand,___ (另一个原因).

   Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at ___ (电话号码).

Thank you for considering my application, and I’m looking forward to meeting you.

                                                           Yours sincerely,

                                                                _____（署名）

求职信常用句型

1、Your advertisement for(职业) in(宣传方式) of(时间) interests me.

2、I feel I’m competent to meet the requirements you have listed.

3、After graduating fromuniversity in, I have been for years.

4、I want very much to get the job and work for your company.

5、I’m good at English, especially spoken English.

6、If you agree with me, please write to me or phone me. I live at My phone number is

7、I’m enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

我附上我的简历以便考虑与查阅。

8、Best regards for your health and success.

范文

假定你是李华，将于今年7月从新星外语学校毕业，你从报纸上得知B$B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括下列要点：

1、年龄；

2、学习情况及英语水平；

3、兴趣和特长；

4、性格和特点。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

2、 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；

3、 信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir/Madam,

I learn from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary. I’m really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.

I’m 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July. I’m an excellent student, among the top 5 in my class of 50 students. I’m good at English, especially spoken English. I often use the computer and I type very fast. In my spare time, I read a lot. Poems are my favorite. I enjoy music very much too. Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities. Besides, I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours,

Li Hua

四、慰问信

慰问信模板

Dear___ (称呼)，

   We are extremely sorry to hear that___(具体信息)。

   Don’t worry about ___(担忧的事)because(原因).What’s more,___(进一步安慰对方).Surely___(未来预测).

   Let us hope that it will be___(说出愿望)for only a very short time, and that you will soon be___(祝福).

   Everybody here sends their best wishes to you for a quick recovery.

 慰问信常用句型

1、We are extremely sorry to hear that

2、I’m very sorry to have heard your present situation that

3、Don’t worry about ___... because

4、Let us hope that everything will be ok in a short time and you’ll soon overcome it.

5、I hope you’ll make efforts to overcome all kinds of difficulties, no matter how hard it is.

范文

据报道，7岁的美国女孩Amy Bruce得知自己身患肺癌（lung cancer）后处于极度的痛苦之中。美国抗癌协会（ACS）决定，每当Amy收到一封慰问信，就给她增加3美分的治疗款。假如你是新华中学的学生李华，请你用英文给Amy写一封慰问信，主要内容应包括：

1、自我简介；

2、得知的情况；

3、表示鼓励；

4、打算为她做什么；

5、祝她早日康复。

注意：1、信的格式已为你写好；

2、信中不得出现你的真实情况；

3、词数为100左右。

Dear Amy,

I am a student from Xinhua Middle School. I am extremely sorry to have heard of your present situation that you are so bitter after having a lung cancer.

Don’t worry about your situation. At present, ACS decides that it will give you three cents when you receive a letter. That will offer you so much courage. What’s more, I hope you will make efforts to overcome all kinds of difficulty, no matter how hard it is. You are sure to make it.

I will try my best to ask all my friends, schoolmates and relatives to write letters to you, which may help you. It will give more courage to live on.

Everyone here sends their best wishes to you for a quick recovery.

Yours,

Li Hua

五、感谢信

感谢信模板

Dear___ (称呼)，

   Thank you very much for / Thanks a lot for / Many thanks for / I’m writing to you about my gratitude for / I’m very grateful to you for ___(具体原因).

But for / Without your help ___(从反面说明).It’s very kind of you to ___(从正面说明).

I hope to have the opportunity to express my gratitude to you / repay your kindness. I will feel very honored and pleased if ___ (提出回报对方的方式).Would you please let me know___(希望对方给予回应)？Thank you again for what you have done.

感谢信常用句型

1、Thank you very much for/ Many thanks for your

2、I sincerely appreciate

3、I’m writing to extend my sincere gratitude for

4、Thank you again for what you have helped me in the past years.

5、I’ll keep what you have helped me forever in mind.

6、Please accept my sincere appreciation for your kind help again.

范文

假如你叫李明，暑假期间你在伦敦旅游时借宿在爸爸的朋友史密斯夫妇家，请根据下列提示，写一封感谢信，谢谢史密斯夫妇的招待。

1、谢谢史密斯夫妇的热情款待及照顾；

2、史密斯夫妇做的菜很好吃，希望以后还有机会吃到；

3、感谢史密斯夫妇陪你练习英语口语，你留下了一些中文书籍作为礼物；

4、欢迎史密斯夫妇来中国旅游。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

2、 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；

3、 信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Mr and Mrs Smith,

I am writing to thank you for your warm hospitality which I enjoyed when I was in London.

It was very kind of you to offer me a comfortable and clean room in your house when I was in London. I like the delicious food cooked by Mrs Smith, which made my journey more unforgettable. Hopefully, I can have the chance to taste it in the future.

In addition, I really appreciated your practicing oral English with me and I have made great progress in my spoken English. The stay in London has greatly enriched my experience and widely broadened my mind. I left some Chinese books to you and hope they will be of some use.

I really hope you can come to China for a visit when it is convenient for you.

                                                                      Yours sincerely,

                                                                          Li Ming

六、推荐信

推荐信模板

Dear___ (称呼)，

  I take the pleasure in recommending to you___(被推荐的人或物). I hope you will be interested in him/ her /it.

  There are several reasons why I think ___is a good choice. Firstly,___(理由).Secondly,____(理由二).Last but not least,___(理由三).

  In a word,___(总结) I would be most grateful if you would like to consider my recommendation.

                                                                       Yours truly,

                                                                            ___(署名)

推荐信常用句型

1、I’m writing to introduce to you/ Please allow me to introduce one of my

2、I take pleasure in introducing to you

3、is an experienced who has worked for over

4、I’m sure the person I recommend to you will meet what you need.

范文

目前，学汉语的热潮在世界上很多国家悄然掀起。假设你是李明，你的美国笔友Patti想让你想他推荐一个比较好的学习汉语的节目。请根据下列信息，给Patti写一封推荐信，介绍一个是十分受欢迎的电视节目学汉语。

内容要点：

电视频道	中国中央电视台第9频道（CCTV 9）；国际频道，方便收看。
节目名称	学汉语
播出时间	每周二至周六：9：15和15：15
主持人	大山，加拿大人，有丰富的汉语学习经验。
节目内容	《交际汉语》、《旅游汉语》和《体育汉语》
节目特点	1、 易懂、易学，生动有趣。 2、 了解、传播中国文化。

注意：词数为150左右。

Dear Patti,

Nowadays, Chinese has gained big popularity all over the world, and I am very pleased that you want to learn Chinese, too.

Here I’d like to introduce to you the TV program Learning Chinese on CCTV 9, which is an international channel, so I think it is convenient to receive in your country. The broadcasting time is at 9:15 and 15:15 from Tuesday to Saturday every week. The program is being hosted by Dashan, a Canadian, who has experienced a lot in learning Chinese and is very popular in our country. The program contains Communicate in Chinese, Travel in Chinese and Sports in Chinese, which has been broadcasting from the time when the Beijing Olympic Games started. I think you will benefit a lot because the language is very easy and interesting to understand and learn, and above all, it is a very good way to understand and spread our Chinese culture.

So I hope you will like the program and benefit from it!

Yours,

Li Ming

七、道歉信

道歉信模板（一）

Dear___ (称呼)，

   I’m sorry that I won’t be able to ___(无法做的事). I have promised___(陈述无法做某事的原因).

I am interested in ___(说明虽然无法做但感兴趣).It would mean a great deal to me to ___(此事的益处).I’ll appreciate it if you___(提出希望).

   Anyway, wish you___(总结).

                                                                      Yours respectfully,

                                                                         

道歉信模板（二）

I am so sorry to tell you that ___(道歉原因).Now, I am writing you this letter to show my deep regret. I do hope you can understand me and excuse me for___(希望对方接受道歉).

I will be very grateful if you are kind to listen to my explanation. The reason for my delay / absence was / is that___(无法做某事的原因). Therefore, ___(总结道歉的原因).

I wonder___(提出补救措施).

                                                                     Sincerely yours,

                                                                          ____(署名)

道歉信常用句型

1、I’m so sorry to tell you that

2、I’m writing to make an apology for

3、I didn’t mean it that way. 我并不想那么做。

4、Sorry to have put you to so much trouble and please do accept my apology.

很抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦，请一定要接受我的歉意。

5、I’ll appreciate it if you

范文

假如你是李华，你的美国老师Miss Morgan 要求你们明天下午去听一个美国历史的讲座。你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点，写一封信向Miss Morgan表示歉意。

内容要点：

*不能参加讲座很抱歉；

*理由：去机场接从法国回来的舅舅；

*询问：是否有录音，以便补听讲座。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

2、 不要逐条翻译，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Miss Morgan,

I am so sorry that I won’t be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. My uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.

I am very much interested in American society and history. I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded, and if so, could I borrow the tape? It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and make up for what is covered in the talk. I would appreciate it if you could allow me to ask for a leave of absence.

Anyway, wish you an excellent lecture!

八、投诉信

投诉信模板

Dear___ (称呼)

   I’m writing to you for ___ / I’m writing to complain about ___(投诉原因).

I don’t really want to complain but___(投诉主体) is bad. In the first place(抱怨的第一方面).In the second place___(抱怨的第二个方面). I find it ___(感觉)___(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).A qualified ___can’t be like ___. Therefore, I require that___. And it’s advisable for you to ___(提出合理建议).

Please consider my requirement at your convenience. I’m looking forward to a satisfactory reply as soon as possible.

投诉信常用句型

1、I’m writing to complain about the bad service I was offered inyesterday.

2、I don’t really want to complain but the service of your men is really too bad.

3、When I took out of the bag and examinedclosely, I found

4、When I unpackedand tried to use it, it didn’t work.

5、I’m sorry to say that I require you refund my money for theI bought in your shop the other day.

6、Sorry to trouble you but I’m afraid you should give me the money forback.

7、Please let me know what you intend to do about this matter.

8、Please consider my requirement at your convenience. Looking forward to a prompt reply.

英文书信开头：

It is a pleasure for me to get your letter. / I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me.

英文书信结尾：

1、Best regards for your health and success.

2、Give my best wishes to you. / Best regards.

3、Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.

4、We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.

5、Wishing you happy as always.

6、With best wishes for your success and happiness.

7、Hoping you are enjoying good health.

8、Wishing you a pleasant journey.

9、With best regards to you and your family.

范文(一)

假如你是卜曼宜，你购买了一部外国某公司生产的手机，因有质量问题，要求该公司更换。请根据下列要点，用英文写一部电子邮件。

要点：1、问题：手机不响铃，不能发短信；该产品已售完，无法更换；型号新，无配件，无法维修。

2、要求：公司应尽快予以更换。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

2、电子邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好（不计入你所写词数）；

3、已给出的电子邮件的开头和结尾不得抄入答题卡。

Dear Sir:

I am writing to you for the mobile phone of Dephone-S250 I bought on 20th Apr. 2011 at Tele Mall in Wuhan,P.R.China.

It was only ten days later that the mobile phone couldn’t ring and I couldn’t send short messages with it.

Then I had to take it to the seller, but I was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one. Later I went to the repairman. He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. I was so desperate on hearing that. How can I wait that long?

A qualified mobile phone can’t be like the one I have bought. Therefore , I require that you send me a new

one of the same model within a month.

Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely yours,

Bu Manyi

范文（二）

李明在光明路一家中外企合资公司买了一台电冰箱，使用半年后出现了问题。他向公司写信要求来人修理。内容如下：

1、去年我在你们商店买了一台电冰箱，外形和颜色我都很满意。

2、但是，最近发现电冰箱时常发出噪音，从低到高，有时甚至停止工作。

3、我们对此深感失望。希望能尽快派人来修理。来时请打电话联系，电话：66065531，我们周末将在家恭候。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

2、 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；

3、 信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

I’m writing to you for the bad quality of your product. Last year I bought a refrigerator in your store on Guang Ming Road. We all like the shape and colour of the refrigerator. But recently I find something is wrong with it. It begins to make noise when it is turned on. At first it is low but gradually it becomes louder and louder. To make the matter worse, it even stops working sometimes. We all feel disappointed with it, I am writing to you to ask for help. Would you please send somebody to repair it? I will be at home this weekend. Please call me before you come. My telephone number is 66065531.

Thank you very much.

Customer,

Li Ming

九、电子邮件

电子邮件和英文书信的写作特点差不多，只不过文体不如书信正式。高考书面表达要求写的电子邮件比较正规。一般要根据（要点、画图、表格）提示，写全要点，注意语言的正确运用。

电子邮件模板

Dear Sir / Madam (称呼)

   I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to you that___.(寒暄句+主题句).__________.(扩展句1)__________.(扩展句2) __________.(扩展句3)

   I will greatly appreciate a response from your earliest convenience. / I’m looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.(结束文体段落)

   Best regards for your health and success.

范文

国外某网站将举办新一轮网上讲座活动，正面向全球中学生征集话题。假设你是新华中学的学生李华，经常访问该网站。现请你用英文给该网站写一封电子邮件，向其推荐话题，内容包括：

*自我简介；

*写信目的；

*话题：我们应该感恩（thankful）；

*推荐的理由；

*预祝活动成功。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

2、邮件格式已给出；

3、邮件中不能出现本人真实信息。

Dear Sir,

I’m glad to write to you about my opinion. I’m a student from Xinhua Middle School and often visit this website.

In my opinion, being thankful to others should be the hottest topic at present. As we all know, we live in a big family. Every minute we can get support from the people around us. What can we do when we get support? The best thing we can do is to politely say thanks to them. This is our traditional culture. We learn it when we are very young. Our parents and teachers tell us. We learn it from books and others as well. It is already deep in our hearts. So I strongly support this topic.

This is my point of view and thanks for your consideration.

I sincerely hope the activity will be a success.

                                                                     Yours sincerely,

                                                                         Li Hua

第二节 发言稿

发言稿主要用于表达自己意见、看法

发言稿格式：三部分组成开头语，正文，结束语。开头语一般较简单，目的是吸引听众或读者的注意力。

时态：以将来为主，但也可以使用其他时态。

结构：正文是发言稿的主题部分，主要是提供论点和相关论据等。论点要明确，论据要充分有力。

语言： 发言稿以简单句为主要的表达形式。同时，发言稿的语言必须有感染力，所以发言稿可以使用祈使句、感叹句、强调句等方式来达到目的。写作时要注意适当使用关联词承前启后。用词要得体，符合语言环境。

发言稿模板

Boys and girls / Ladies and gentlemen,

   It’s a good honor for me to stand here and give my speech .My name is ___(自我介绍).The topic of my speech is ___(发言主题).

   To begin with ,many people suggest that ___.Secondly, ___.Thirdly,___(话题或现象举例).

   What I want to stress is that ___(重申主题).For one thing,___. For another, ___.Besides,___(原因或重要性列举). In a word,___(总结).

   Thank you for your listening. / Thank you.

发言稿常用句型

1、 Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I’m very glad to have the chance to stand here. Today, my topic is

2、 The first thing I would like to talk about is/ The first point I’d like to make is

3、 I would like to concentrate on the problem of

4、 To sum up, my conclusion is

5、 Let me conclude my talk with the following comments.请让我用下面几句话概括我的演讲。

6、 I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I’m here to talk to you about

7、 I shall devote my talk to我会将本次发言专注于

范文

假如你班将举行一次英语学习经验交流会。你打算在会上谈谈如何提高听力（listening ability）的学习体会。你的学习体会主要是：大多数初学英语这是很难听懂英美人的讲话的。要提高听力，必须注意以下3条：

首先，循序渐进，不听超出自己实际水平的材料；

其次，固定学习一套教程；

第三，经常收听电台的英语新闻节目。

请你根据自己的体会，用英语拟个发言稿，词数为100左右。

Ladies and gentlemen,

The topic of my speech today is how to improve listening ability. Learners of English, especially beginners have troubles in understanding speeches by native speakers. But how to improve listening ability? Here I’d like to introduce you some ways which might help you to improve your listening ability.

First of all, do things step by step. It is no good to listen to anything beyond your level. Don’t choose too difficult materials.

Secondly, stick to one course of study. Work hard at it until you master it well.

Thirdly, listen to the English news program over the radio every day. If you have more time, listen to some interesting stories, too.

In a word, there are many ways to improve your listening ability. It is up to you to find out the most suitable ones for you.

Thank you for listening.

第三节 日记

格式：左上角：当天日期、星期，例，Wednesday, September 2nd; Friday, October 14th.

(星期写在日期前或后)

右上角：当天的天气情况：fine ,cloudy, rainy, cold, snowy, windy, stormy.

日记小标题写在下一行，也可省略不写。

正文：写日记不是流水账，正文的内容应该思想健康，积极向上。句子可长短不一。开头语应简洁，结尾可适当发表感想。

人称：由于日记的内容多是叙述自己的亲身经历或抒发自己的感想，所以多用第一人称I / we.

时态：日记多用一般过去时，如发表感想或议论时则可以使用现在时、将来时。

顺序：以时间线索或活动顺序来安排内容要点，按事情发展的先后顺序。

日记模板（一）

___(月、日、年、星期)                                               ____(天气)

   Today/Yesterday , I / we did___(事件).

  

 In the morning, we_____; then_____; after that_____. By the time_____ we had a good time . Finally_____(事情经过).I’ll never forget the memorable day!

   From this activity , I have learned that / I think____(事件意义，自己的感想).

日记模板（二）

___(月、日、年、星期)                                               ____(天气)

This fine / rainy morning witnessed an unforgettable experience I had.

   I was doing ___when I suddenly saw / heard / found ___.Meanwhile / At the same time / As soon as possible, ___had done before I realized.

On my way back home, I think a lot about___(自己对事件的感想)

常用开头语

1、 Today is a sunny day / Monday , I went to with

2、 It is (星期/日期)today. It is also a special day for me, because

3、 In the morning when I, I suddenly found, which reminded of

4、 It is the 5th / 10thanniversary of, our school / companyhad / heldin honour /memory of

5、 

常用结尾语

1、A tiring as well as meaningful day has ended, but I still remained excited for quite a long time.

2、What happened today has left a deep impression in my memory.

3、After thisI came up with such a question: How can I do more for?

4、Today is a significant day. It will remain in my memory forever.

范文

5月1日星期六，天气晴朗，你班组织了一次保护环境，从点滴做起的活动。请你用英语把此次活动的情况写成日记：

1、 早晨7:00在校门口集合后骑自行车到长城；

2、 同学们有的捡垃圾，有的清扫路面，有的树立标语牌；

3、 向游客宣传保护环境的重要性，很多游客也加入到我们的行列；

4、 中午11:30与工作人员道别，回家。

注意：1、不要逐字翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；

2、词数为100左右。

Sunday, May 1                                                             Sunny

Today our class went to the Great Wall to do some cleaning.

We met at the school gate at 7:00 am and then went to the Great Wall by bike. As soon as we got there, we began to work. Some collected the rubbish with a plastic bag, some swept the road, and others put up notices to tell people not to destroy the beauty of nature. It was really hard work.

At the same time, we told people how important it was to protect the environment. To our joy, some visitors began to join us in collecting the rubbish.

At 11:00 am, we said goodbye to the workers and went home. On our way back home, I think we really

spent a happy and meaningful morning.

第四节 报道

报道，尤其是新闻报道，是一种时效性很强的应用文体，也属于记叙文。

结构：

1、 标题：简洁、醒目、新颖、吸引人

2、 导语：新闻的第一句话或头两句话。要简明扼要，准确揭示出消息的核心内容。

3、 主体：要明确交代事件发生的时间、地点、过程、结果和影响等。

4、 结束语：语言引人深思（结论）

人称：一般以第三人称

时态：灵比较活

范文

假如你是李华，最近你进行了一次采访，请根据下表提示为你校的英语园地写一篇报道。

      

时间	2011年5月15日
地点	经济开发区
采访人	40名中学小记者
被采访人	开发区主任王清海
采访内容	1、过去一年的成绩；2、如何吸引投资；3、3年后开发的前景。
其他	1、 除了笔、本，还用了数码相机、录音笔等现代设备； 2、 对一流的设计、漂亮的绿化、现代的建筑印象深刻。

 注意：词数为100左右。

参考词汇：经济开发区the Economic Development Zone; 小记者teenage reporter; 录音笔recording pen

Forty teenage reporters from different middle schools in our city paid a visit to the Economic Development

Zone. They had an interview with Wang Qinhai, head of the Zone , on May 15th , 2011.

At the interview, the reporters asked Mr. Wang about what achievements they made last year, how they worked to attract more investment and how the Zone would be developing over three years. Mr. Wang gave them satisfactory answers.

They used modern equipments, such as digital cameras and recording pens besides pens and notebooks at the interview. They were deeply impressed by the first-class design of the Zone, as well as the beautiful trees and grass and modern buildings there.

All reporters and Mr. Wang were very happy and excited. This interview made a great success.

第五节 启事

启事，一种公告性的应用文，机关、团体或个人有事情急需向公众说明或请求帮助，写成启事张贴出去。

分类：遗失启事、招领启事、征稿启事、招聘启事等。

启事模板

FOUND

I happen to find a ___(所拾到的物品名称)in / at___（拾到物品的地点）,which___(拾到的这个物品的特征).Loser is expected to ___(招领处) to claim it.

                                                                      

LOST

I lost a ___(丢失物品)when I was___(时间)at / in___(地点).It is ___(特征).There are___(内有物品).Will the finder please send it to ___(失主所在地)？

Thanks a lot. / I will be deeply grateful if you do so.

                                                                             ____(署名)

启事常用句型：

1、 This morning / afternoonI happened to find a at / in/It is

2、 Our newspaper / company is looking for an editor / a clerk. The requirements are as follows.

3、 Loser is expected to  to claim it.

4、 Could the owner please contact withat

5、 Will the finder please send it toor telephone me atas soon as possible?

6、 Those who are interested in the job, please get in touch withThe deadline is

7、 I will be appreciate it / grateful / thankful if you could do so.

范文（一）

假如你是李华，今天上午体育课时在操场上你将钱包丢了。请你写一个寻物启事。主要内容包括：

*丢失的时间和地点；

*钱包的特征及钱包里的东西；

*钱包对你的重要性和你对拾到者的感谢；

*你的联系方式：889912。

注意：1、词数为120左右；

2、启事的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；

3、必须包括所有主要内容，可适当发挥；

4、不能透露任何个人信息。

Lost

I am writing this lost in hope that you can help me. I was so careless that I lost my wallet when I was playing basketball on the playground in the PE class this morning. As you know, the wallet is very important for me.

The wallet is a black one with common size. And there are some 80 yuan in it. An IC card was also in the wallet whose face value was 50 yuan.

The wallet is a birthday present my good friend gave me, which I should treasure. And the money in the wallet is my living expense this week. If you are the kind finder, could you do me a favor to ring me up to fetch it back? I will reward your kindness greatly. My telephone number is 889912.

                                                                      Loser,

                                                                      Li Hua

范文（二）

某报社要招聘一名编辑，请以An English Editor Wanted为题目写一则招聘启事。内容如下：

1、 该工作主要包括两部分：一是从英文报刊杂志及互联网上选择适合学生的文章；二是选择并编辑同

学们的来稿。

2、 希望该同学满足下列要求：

（1） 乐意奉献出一些业余时间为同学们服务；

（2） 英语与美术皆好；能熟练使用电脑。

3、 感兴趣的同学请在本周内与学生会联系。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

3、 不要逐字翻译，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文。

参考词汇：学生会 Students’ Union

An English Editor Wanted

Our school newspaper is looking for an editor for its English edition. The job mainly includes two parts: one is to choose proper English articles from English newspapers, magazines or Internet for us students. The other is to pick out articles from those written by students in our school and edit them for use.

We hope that he/she could meet the following requirements. First, he/she is willing to devote some of the spare time to serving the others. Second, it’s necessary for him/ her to be good at both English and fine art. Besides, the ability to use the computer is important as well.

Those who are interested in the job, please get in touch with the Students’ Union this week.

                                                                        Students’ Union

第六节 通知

1、 正文包括：被通知的对象、事由、时间、地点

2、 分类：书面通知，口头通知

3、 人称：第三人称

4、 时态：对将来活动的安排或宣布，因而多使用一般将来时表示。

注意：通知中往往要强调一些注意事项，因而多使用祈使句，经常使用被动语态。

口头通知常用称呼：

Boys and girls, Ladies and gentlemen, Teachers and fellow students

结尾：That’s all. Thank you. So much for it. Thank you.

书面通知模板

There will be / we are going to hold a meeting / discussion / sports meeting___(通知内容) in / at ___(时间、地点). The meeting is mainly about___(活动具体内容).You must / should ___(注意事项等).

Everyone is demanded to be present on time.

口头通知模板

Boys and girls / Ladies and gentlemen,

   May I have your attention, please? Your attention, please./ Be quiet ,please, I have something to tell you / an announcement to make. There is going to be___(活动名称).The time is in / at ___(时间). The place is ___(通知具体地点).

And ___(其余信息).

That’s all. Thanks for your listening./Thank you.

口头通知常用语

1、 Attention, please. I have an announcement to make.

2、 Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

3、 I have the honor of announcing that

4、 We are having a meeting about

5、 There’s going to be a atin

6、 Please come on time.

7、 Come here on time and bring a pen and a notebook with you.

8、 If you have any questions or some other requirements, please let me know.

9、 That’s all. Thanks for your attention.

书面通知常用语

1、 In order to celebratea meeting / partyis to be held at (时间)on(日期)in(地点).

2、 In memory / honour of , awill be held.

3、 All the andare requested to be present on time.

4、 Allandare welcome to it.

5、 No asking for leave without special reasons.

6、 Refer tofor more information.

7、 Consult (报纸、网络)for detailed information.

范文

请以宿舍管理委员会的名义写一份通知，2011年4月2日发出。内容如下：

1、 时间：4月5日晚上7点。

2、 地点：3号楼103房间。

3、 内容：安全用电、火灾应变、防治失窃等。

4、 参加人员：每间寝室一名同学。

5、 要求：带笔记本，按时到场，做好记录，并传达给室友。

注意：词数为100左右。

参考词汇：学生宿舍dormitory；盗窃theft(n.)

Notice

A meeting is going to be held in Room 103 of Building 3 at 7 on the evening of April 5. Problems to be talked about at the meeting include proper use of electricity, what to do in case of fire, prevention of theft and so on. A member of each dormitory is required to be present. They should take notebooks with them and arrive on time. They should take notes carefully and after the meeting they are to inform their roommates of what is discussed and what measures will be taken.

                                                             The Dormitory Committee

                                                                April 2nd, 2011

第七节 便条

便条，简单的书信，尽快地把最新信息，通知，活动时间、地点转告给对方。常用便条：请假条（事假、病假），留言条，借条，请求便条。

请假条模板

Dear___(称呼),

I’m sorry that I shall be unable to ____(做某件事情),because___(说明原因).So I beg to apply for___ days’/weeks’ leave from___(开始日期) to___（截止日期）.

请求便条

Dear___(称呼),

I am going to ___(原因).Will you please ___(具体请求)？Thank you for the trouble.

                                                                 Yours,

                                                                   ___(署名)

邀请便条

Dear___(称呼),

There will be a ___(具体活动) to be held at___(具体地点).Will you please come and join us?

There are also some other people invited.____(具体事宜).I’ll appreciate your coming.

Yours,

                                                                    ___(署名)

便条常用语

1、I am terribly sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to attenddue to

2、I’m sorry to apply for ten days’ leave from toinstantly, as the time is urgent.

3、Please let me know whether you are coming or not.

范文

假定你是李华，你正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs Wilson不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs Wilson写一封留言条，内容包括：

1、 外出购物；

2、 替房东还书。

3、 Tracy来电话留言：

（1） 咖啡屋（Bolton Coffee）见面取消；

（2） 尽快回电。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

3、 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Mrs Wilson,

I’m going out shopping, and won’t be back until about 5:00 pm. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about 1 o’clock this afternoon, Tracy called, saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to. She felt very sorry about that, but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. She wanted you to call her

back as soon as you are home. She has already told Susan about this change.

                                 

第二章 记叙文

1、记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果（即when、where、who、what、how and why）。写记叙类文章时应该将六要素交代明白。

2、人称：第一人称/第三人称

3、时态：叙述过去发生的动作，常用过去时。

写人模板

Li Ming is my best friend. He’s from___(出身).He is ___(年龄)but he looks younger for his age. The impression he leaves on me is___. He is short and thin___(外貌).He is honest and always ready to help others___(品行).Never will I forget the day when___. We have much in common regarding___. We often___(生活经历).Li Ming is such a good student that he is loved and respected by us all.

写人记叙常用词汇、

good looking                ugly-looking

far-sighted                  near-sighted

white-haired                 funny-looking

pretty                      ordinary-looking

healthy                     charming

absent-minded               humorous

a strong will                 independent

diligent                     bad-tempered

talkative                    patient

warm-hearted                attractive

兴趣爱好

be good at                   be fond of

be strict in                 have a strong desire to do sth.

put one’s heart into sth.         make progress in

be interested in                be crazy about

家庭背景

was/ were born in/ into a poor/ rich family

as a child ofyears old

spend his childhood in

live/ lead a happy / hard life

教育背景

be admitted to college

graduate fromdepartment of

receive a doctor’s degree

have/ has been excellent in his academic years

主要事迹

serveas

devote his lifetime to/ devote himself to

concentrate himself to 

make up one’s mind to do..

have a gift / talent for

成就

set a good example for

be honoured as

make great contribution to

one of the best / most important

叙事模板

One day,___,___(事情发生的时间、地点等).When I was ___(正在做某事).something strange/ unforgettable happened ___(事情发生的过程).Finally___(结果).

I’ll never forget___(总结).

叙事常用词汇

表达时间

by the end of last term

during the summer holidays

on the weekend

in a few years time

in the past ten years

表达地点

at the foot of the mountain

at the end of the street

in the north of Shandong Province

on the other side of the street

be located in

in middle of the park

事件话题

be active in

air quality standard

have a picnic on the weekend

education for all-round development

talk several course at school

a good environment

表示因果

result in

consequently

because of / due to /owing to

叙事记叙文常用句型

notuntil

is situated in

It turns out to be

The primary reason is

spend in many different ways

Scarcely/Hardly had sbwhen

Hearing this, sb

The moment sb

范文（一）

假如你叫王平，李华是你的同窗好友，请根据下列要求，用英文给李华写一篇毕业留言。

要点：

1、简要表述李华在你心目中的印象；

2、用一到两个相关事例进行具体描述；

3、对李华表示美好的祝愿。

注意：1、词数为120左右；

2、内容积极向上，语意连贯，结构完整；、

3、不能写成诗歌形式，不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

Dear Li Hua,

It is hard for me to say goodbye to my best friend. But I believe the memory of our closest friendship will be inscribed in our hearts.

The impressions you leave on me are perfect because of the qualities you possess, such as honesty, generosity and so on. However , what you impressed me most deeply is that you are quite warm-hearted. Never will I forget the day when you helped me with my physics till midnight. But the next day, owing to a cold, you had to have a rest at home, which made me feel very sorry.

When it comes to these stories, the feeling of happiness will take up my heart and I will not let these feeling and stories escape me.

May fortune favor you all the time.

Yours,

Wang Ping

范文（二）

假如你是今天的值日生李华，请你根据下表提示，在英语课前用英语向同学们作一个班级新闻报道。主要内容如下：

班级新闻
篮球比赛	1、昨天下午篮球比赛，我班胜了高三（5）班。 2、李阳受伤仍坚持比赛，在场的同学深受感动。
好人好事	给山区儿童献爱心捐献活动； 1、 捐衣200件；捐款约4000元，全校最多。 2、 张虹500元。
简要评价

注意：词数为120左右。报道的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。

Hello, everyone. Here are two breath-taking events of our class that happened this week.

Yesterday afternoon, we beat Class 5 in basketball, and during the match, Li Yang hurt himself accidentally, but refused to stop playing till the end, which encouraged and moved us all on the spot.

Here is another report about the donation activity for the mountain areas. We have donated 200 pieces of clothes in all and about 4,000 yuan. Accounted for our donations being the most in our school, our class has been thought highly of, especially Zhang Hong who made a generous donation of 500 yuan, which was all her pocket money.

From these activities, we can see that our class is a cooperation one and full of love and strength, so let’s keep the merits!

That’s all. Thank you!

第三章 说明文

说明文是对事情的发生、发展、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释、介绍、阐述的一种文体。这类文章的目的和性质是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张或做出证明。

1、写作顺序：

时间顺序：按事物发生、发展的先后顺序。

空间顺序：按事物空间位置的顺序，如：由上到下，由近及远。

逻辑顺序：即按人们认识事物的规律进行说明，如：有概括到具体，由现象到本质。

2、说明文模板

时间顺序型模板

I had a great time through my May Day holiday.

On the first day, I went ___. On the second day, I went visiting ___ with my parents. On the third day, I went shopping with ___, and we bought some ___. In the afternoon, ___. All in all, I enjoyed my May Day holiday in many ways.

空间顺序型模板

Our school is like a beautiful garden. When come into our school, you can see there is___ leading straight to___. On both sides of the avenue there are ___. You can see ___on your left, too. To the west of the ___, that is our ___.And in the south-east of the school you can find ___. Behind the ___ is ___, to the west of which there is ___.

逻辑顺序型模板

Nowadays , more and more___(阐述现象).Why ___(提出问题)？The reasons for it are as follows.

First of all,___(原因一).Besides,___(原因二).What’s more,___(原因三).

As a matter of fact, the main cause of it is due to___(最主要原因).In my opinion, it is high time that we did something to ___(解决某事).Only in this way will/can we ___(要实现的目标).

3、说明文写作方法：

举例法：用实例、事实来阐述过程、现象等。常用表达：for example, for instance, as an example of, such as, namely(即，那就是)

比较法：主要用来说明事物的相同点与不同点。常用表达：likewise, just as , similar to, compare to / with, connect with , instead

定义法：1)对事物的含义等进行客观地定义。

       

 2)根据个人的看法和理解对事物进行主观解释。

常用表达：that is, in order words, this means , namely

分类法：根据相同的特征将事物从整体上归类。常用表达：the former/ the latter, aspects, classifyinto, divisions, parts , kinds

4、说明文常用词

表时间顺序：first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later, soon, finally

表空间顺序：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side

表并列关系：and, as well as, not onlybut also,bothand,eitheror

表因果关系：for, since, as a result (of), therefore, thus, thanks to,due to, because (of)

表递进关系：besides, what’s more, moreover, in addition, furthermore

表概括关系：in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up

表对比关系：like, unlike, on (the) one hand, on the contrary, for one thing

表陈述事实：to be frankly, to tell the truth, actually, in fact, as a matter of fact

表让步关系：even though, even if, though/although, however, no matter how

表强调：surely, above all ,indeed, certainly, not at all, with no doubt

范文(一)

社会发展到2080年，照顾老年人成了一个突出的社会问题。你公司顺应社会需求适时推出了家用机器人。该机器人的主要功能有：

1、可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整；

2、可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等；

3、及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打呼救电话等；

请你根据以上内容写一篇120词左右的发言稿，在新闻发布会上向大家推荐你公司的这一新产品。

注意：1、内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯；

2、短文开头已为你写好。不计入总词数。

参考词汇：突出的，显著的prominent

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending our company’s news conference. As you know, with the development of economy, people have to face various pressures. They don’t have enough time to attend to the old people in their family, which has become a prominent social problem.

To solve this problem, our company put out the household robot, which is designed to take care of old people. It can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs. It can also accompany old people in having a chat, playing chess, and doing exercises. Moreover, it can deal with emergencies. For example, if an old man falls ill suddenly, the robot will call doctors for help.

It would be a great help for you if you own such a robot.

范文（二）

假如你是一所对外汉语学校的工作人员，新学年开学时，请你用英语写一段有关学校服务设施的介绍，张贴在新生宿舍楼门口，方便不懂汉语的学生熟悉生活环境。

其中应包括以下要点：

1、商店、邮局和银行在校园西部游泳池附近，约5分钟路程；

2、营业时间：

商店：每天9:00~22:00

邮局：9:00~17:00;周末休息

银行：中国银行：9:00~17:00；可兑换外币

3、理发店在银行对面，洗衣店在宿舍楼后面那栋楼的第一层；

4、服务电话：8645336.

注意：1、可适当增减细节；

2、词数为120左右。

参考词汇：兑换外币currency exchange;洗衣房laundry;宿舍dormitory

To All the New Students

Welcome to our school. To make your stay here more enjoyable, here’s some information about the service available at our school.

Located in the west part of our school, just near the swimming pool, are the shops, the post office and the bank. The shops stay open from nine in the morning till ten at night, where you can get daily necessities. The post office is open for eight hours, from nine in the morning till five in the afternoon, and it doesn’t open during the weekends. There is a branch of Bank of China, which can provide you with currency exchanges. It is open for eight hours, beginning at nine in the morning. By the way, there’s a barbershop just opposite the bank. If you want to go to the laundry, there’s one on the ground floor of the building just behind the dormitory.

If you have any difficulty, you may just call our hotline, 8645336. We are always ready to provide you with good service.

范文（三）

假定你是李华，你的美国笔友John来信请你介绍中国传统节日清明节。请根据下列表格的要点， 用英语给他写封来信。

节日	日期	特点	活动
清明节	4月5日前后	中国二十四节气之一	放假一天，扫墓祭祖，踏青游玩，放风筝等。

注意：1、词数为100左右；

2、可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

3、开头已为你写好，不计入词数。

参考词汇：节气seasonal division point；祭祖 in memory of one’s ancestors

Dear John,

Glad to hear from you. I’d like to tell you something about the Qingming Festival.

The Qingming Festival is one of the twenty-four seasonal division points in China. It usually falls around April 5 every year. During this period, people will go to clean the graves and pay respect to their ancestors. At the same time, people can also go outing and enjoy the coming of spring, the bright and warm sunshine and the green trees and grass. It seems as if everything is back to life. People have been following the custom of spring outings since ancient times. Children love to fly kites high in the blue sky.

Now we can have a day off on this Chinese traditional festival.

第四节 议论文

议论文是用逻辑、推理和证明来阐述作者的立场和观点的一种文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非、确定某观点正确或错误、肯定或否定某种主张。议论文一般包括论点、论据、论证三个要素。议论文的写作步骤，一般包括引言、主体段和结论。

1、形式：

1）辩论式议论文：综述辩论内容→表述正方观点和理由→表述反方观点及理由→陈述自己的观点。

2）批驳式议论文：表述错误观点及理由→表述与该观点相反的观点及理由→陈述自己的观点。

3）反映社会现象式议论文：提出一种社会现象→表述该现象产生的原因→陈述对社会和生活的影响→阐述如何杜绝该现象及对前景的预测。

2、议论文常见的结构：

1）开头（引论），用以引出一个令人关注的问题。

2）主体（本论），是全文的主要部分，对提出的问题进行分析、推论，运用材料对观点进行论证，使论点得到充分的支持。

3）结尾（结论），对主题部分作出概括，总结论点所要讲解、论证的问题。

3、模板

观点对比型模板

There is a widespread concern over the issue that___.(文章所要讨论的话题).But opinions concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that ___(观点一).In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows. In the first place, ___(原因一).In the second place, ___(原因二).

   People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___(观点二).In their point of view, first___(原因一).Second, ___(原因二).

   As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that___(观点一或二).It is not only because___, but also because___. The more___, the more ___.

说明利弊型模板

Nowadays, when asked about___(主题), many people prefer A. because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First___(A的优点一)。Besides,___(A的优点二).

   But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the disadvantages is that___(A的缺点一). To make matters worse, ___(A的缺点二).

   Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore , I would like to___(我的看法).

解决方法型模板

In recent days, we have to face a problem-A, which is becoming more and more serious. First,___(说明A的现状). Second , ___(举例进一步说明现状).

Confronted with A , we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ___(解决方法一). For another___(解决方法二). Finally , ___(解决方法三).

Personally, I believe that___(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because___(带来的好处).  

4、议论文常用开头句型

It goes with saying that

As the proverb says

It’s likely that

As is often the case

Further, we hold opinion that

However, the difficulty lies in

In this respect we may as well (say)

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin , that is

5、议论文常用结尾句型：

I will conclude by saying

All things considered,

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that

The data/ statistics/ figures lead us to the conclusion that

6、议论文常用举例句型

Let’s taketo illustrate this.

Let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

Here’s one more example.

Takefor example.

范文（一）

据报道，近几年有许多应届高中毕业生放弃参加高考。请你根据下表的内容，谈谈学生放弃参加高考的原因，并谈谈你的看法及建议。

事由	近几年有许多应届高中毕业生放弃参加高考。
原因	家庭经济困难，无法承担高昂的大学学费。
	受大学毕业生找工作难现象的影响。
	成绩不理想，失去信心。
你的看法

注意：词数为150左右。

参考词汇：学费tuition fee；大学毕业college graduate

There is a widespread concern over the issue that many high school leavers gave up signing up for the College Entrance Examination these years. There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon. The college tuition fees are so costly that poor families can’t afford them even if students are admitted to college. As a result, many poor students choose to give up. The phenomenon that many college graduates can’t find jobs these years also has a bad effect. Many students decide to work right after graduation instead of going to college. And some students are so poor in their subjects that they have lost confidence.

In my opinion, it is unwise to give up such a good chance that will probably change your future. After all, college graduates have better chance of finding better jobs. Besides, if you miss the golden opportunity for study in college, you may never make up for it later in life. We should take advantage of the opportunity. As for college, tuition fees should be greatly reduced so that everybody can afford higher education.

范文（二）

现在，不少人在写作与交流时总喜欢使用网络语言，有人甚至讲汉语时总夹着一些英语，并以此作为时尚，就此现象你班进行了一场讨论。请根据下表提示，客观介绍讨论情况并发表你的观点。词数为120左右。

40%的同学	60%的同学	你的观点
有点荒诞听不懂；破坏汉语的规范和纯洁；对英语学习毫无用处。	形式活泼；使语言更有趣；有助于表达思想

Nowadays, some people prefer to speak Chinese mixed with web language and some even with English, which is considered to be a fashion. Our class have a heated discussion about it.

About 40 percent of the students think it is ridiculous. In the first place, it is useless in helping people communicate with others or learn English. In the second place, it will ruin the purity and formality of Chinese language. However, the others, 60 percent students of our class are fond of the web language. They think it is helpful in expressing themselves. What’s more, it may make the language more interesting.

As far as I’m concerned, I believe the passive aspects outweigh the positive ones. I think it is not a good habit to use the web language mixed with oral talking. It may be popular as some people think, but you may also make yourself misunderstood.

第五章 写作题型

第一章 提纲作文

1、分类：中文提纲、英文提纲

2、注意要点：

1）认真研究所给提纲，不能遗漏提纲要点，更不能错误理解提纲的意思。

2）确定各段的主题句。

3）逐步展开段落，段落写作应围绕主题句进行，写作过程中可稍加调整、发挥一定的独创性。

4）检查与修改。

   提纲作文一般会提供标题、提纲要点和首句，从而将考生的写作控制在一定范围内。考生需要做的就是根据情景的发展，按照一定的顺序组织安排好写作材料，然后用自己的语言表达出这些内容要点即可。调整句子之间的逻辑关系，切不可逐条翻译。

范文（一）

假定你是某市居民，名叫李华，你觉得该市出租车行业问题较多。请写一封信给该市市长，内容应包括：

问题：1、停靠点太少，不易打的；2、欺诈外地乘客；3、车速过快，事故频频；4、仍有拒载者；

5、深夜聚集在娱乐场所外等客人时制造噪音，影响他人休息。

建议：要求加强管理。

注意：词数为150左右。文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：绕道 take a roundabout route；不替别人着想的inconsiderate (adj.) ；

加强管理：tighten control over

Dear Mayor,

I’m a resident of the city. I feel there are many problems existing in the trade of taxi in our city. First of all, there are still not enough stops in the streets so it’s not easy to take a taxi. And taxis often run very fast, which causes many traffic accidents. What’s more, some taxi drivers still refuse to pick up some passengers without any reason. Another terrible thing which often happens is that deep at night taxis waiting around the entertainment places make much noise. Many people suffer from this inconsiderate action. A friend of mine living in another city once visited me, and she told me our city’s taxi drivers cheated her by taking a roundabout route. What will a guest think of our city after such a bad experience? I think we must take actions to tighten control over the taxi trade. Maybe the first thing to do is raise the taxi drivers’ professional morality.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours,

Li Hua

范文（二）

每位高中生都对自己的将来有着美好的期待。请以What will I in ten years为题，写一则英语短文。

主要内容包括：

1、 学历和专业；

2、 工作：从事的职业，工作时间和收入等；

3、 生活：包括业余爱好，日常交往；

4、 实现上述愿望的途径。

注意：1、词数为120左右；

2、可适当发挥，使行文连贯；

3、短文的开头已为你写好。

What will I be like in ten years?

In ten years I will be more mature and confident. I will have got a master degree by then. My major will be traditional Chinese medicinal science which I have been caring for, and I will devote all my life to curing the sick and the development of the very science. As a doctor, I will work in some hospital from Monday to Friday.

But on some weekends I’d like to call on some patients who are too old to walk. Also I’d like to read some books on traditional medicine in my spare time. I will make friends with my patients and chatting with them is my great pleasure. Maybe I won’t make much money, but I enjoy my work, which will make me consider I have achieved happiness.

Now I know it’s only my dream and to realize the dream I should make great efforts. I believe hard work can bridge the distance between dream and reality!

第二节 图画作文

图画作文高考写作热点之一，是一种常见的考查方式，具有一定的难度。常提供一幅或多幅图画，同时也给出相应的文字说明。高考图画作文涉及的大多数话题为社会热点，中学生身边经常发生的或自己经历的事情。题材以说明文、记叙文居多。一般要求根据图示介绍说明一个地方或一件事情，或者要求根据图示叙述过去或即将发生的事情。有些时候也可能提供一幅漫画，要求提炼内容，挖掘寓意。

注意要点：

1、应仔细阅读图画及文字说明，找到要点。首先应确定文章体裁，然后认真观察图片所表达的内容或内涵，分清图与图之间的关系。要考虑到图表表达的是何时、何地、什么人、什么事、过程和结果。

2、考虑用什么样的体裁来写（记叙文or说明文or议论文），从而确定写作格式。

3、文章的过渡词、过渡段在图画类的书面表达中起着关键的润滑作用，如何串点成文。整体划一，关键词必不可少。

4、如何开头才能做到先生夺人，怎么结尾才能令人回味无穷，是通常要考虑的问题。

图画模板（一）

From the picture/In the picture/Looking at the picture, we can see/it’s about a person who___(人物).It’s ___(时间or地点). He / She is They are doing___(事件).

Something occurs to me___(漫画中人物) should___ and shouldn’t ___ (个人观点).As we all know, at present/ in the society most people ___(联系生活实际).Besides/ Worse still, some people____(继续议论).

In my opinion, the government/ the school/ we should take measures to / something must be done to ___(采取措施).Only in this way can the problem be really solved./ Only when everybody can do so will our world

become more and more beautiful.

图画作文模板（二）

This picture describes___(图画中的人物),with___(补充说明).Recently it has become common for people in many walks of life to___(进一步阐述).

It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about___(图画主题),which is ___(进一步说明).He seems to be saying that___(给出细节).In my opinion, ___(个人阐述).

Therefore, it is necessary for us to take measures to put an end to___(问题所在).On the one hand, we must___(建议一). On the other hand, ___(建议二). Only in this way can we___(展望前景).

第三节 图表作文

考查时，要求根据所给的图表，数据等进行分析、研究、阅读其中的文字和说明。弄清各种信息之间的关系，提炼要点，然后组织语言进行写作，得出令人信服的结论，必要时还要加入自己的论点。

1、时态：一般现在时（特定时间用一般过去时）。

文体：说明文和记叙文为主。

2、图表作文可以细分为表格、曲线图、柱形图和饼形图。图表作文的结构通常是三段式：

1)第一段分析图表中的数据变化反映出的问题或趋势，简要叙述图表所揭示的信息。常用词汇：table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent

2)第二段分析原因。在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征是，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐述必要的理由，且要注意层次清楚。常用词汇：rise, drop, reduce, increase, on the contrary, compare to/ with, in contrast to, asas, the same as, similar to , different from

3）第三段提出解决问题的办法或建议。常用词汇：in a word, in short, generally speaking, it is clear from the chart that, we can draw the conclusion that

3、注意：

1）文章应包括图表所示内容，但不必全部写道。

2）叙述调查结果时要避免重要使用百分比。

3）最重要的是要有表明自己观点的句子。

图表作文模板（一）

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ___(图标主题). The first thing we notice is that ___(图表最大特点).This means that as___, ___(进一步说明).

We can see from the statistics given that ___(图表细节一). After ___(细节一种的第一个变化), the ___+幅度+时间（紧跟着的变化. The figures also tells us that___(图表细节二). In the column, we can see that___ accounts for ___（进一步描述）.

Judging from these figures , we can draw the conclusion that___(结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned, is that___(给出原因). / It is high time that we ___(提出倡议).

图表作文模板（二）

As is shown/ seen/ described by the figure/ percentage in the table/ graph/ picture/ chart, the___(某种事物或现象) has been on the rise/ decrease significantly/ dramatically/ steadily. The diagram shows that___(某种结果). The number of ___ has been rising/ decreasing. From ___(数据一)in___(某时) to ___(数据二) in___ (某时). From the rise/ decline in the chart, we can see/ conclude / know that___(某现象).

There are several main factors/ reasons leading to this change. For one thing, ___(原因一). For another, it is due to the fact that___(原因二). In addition, ___(原因三) is responsible for it. Maybe there are some other

reasons. But it is generally believed that the reasons mentioned above are the main factors/reasons.

As far as I am concerned / In my opinion, I hold the point of view that___(个人观点). I think we should ___(采取某种措施). In this way___(得到某种结果).

第四节 开放作文

开放性作文即试题给出一定的素材、主题，让学生在此基础上自由发挥、自由写作，不受文体形式、内容要点的限制。

1、考查文体：记叙文、议论文

2、写作步骤：

1）认真审题，把握要求，找准关键句。

2）依据主线，草拟提纲，树立文章脉络。

3）定位人称，确立时态、遣词造句、组篇章。

3、开放性作文常用表达

普遍认为：it is universally acknowledged that

扬长避短：adopt one’s good points and avoid the shortcomings

与时俱进：keep pace with times

对造成很大威胁：pose a great threat to

考虑到多方面因素：take many factors into account/ consideration

怎么强调的重要性也不为过can’t stress the importance oftoo much

适应社会发展：adapt oneself to the development of society

与息息相关：be closely related to

作文常用词汇的表达

一、表达常用短语

1、 可以取代think的词：believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the point/ belief that

2、 不可否认：It is undeniable that

3、 社会进步的反映：mirror of social progress

4、 提供就业机会：offer job opportunities

5、 引起公众注意：draw public attention

6、 致力于/ 投身于：be committed/ devoted to

7、 身心两方面：both physical and mentally

8、 毫无疑问 ：undoubtedly/ there is no doubt that

9、 引起广泛的公众关注：arouse / cause wide public concern / draw public attention

10、不言而喻：It goes without saying that

11、重视：attach great importance to

12、面临新的机遇和挑战：be faced with new opportunities and challenges

13、对产生有力/ 不利的影响：have positive/ negative effects on

14、利远远大于弊：the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages

二、书面表达经典句型

1、 sth / sb is the –est +n. that +主+have ever seen / known/ heard

He is the cleverest boy that I have ever seen.

It is the most surprising news that I have ever heard.

2、 There is no denying that +主+谓 不可否认的是

3、 There is no doubt that +句子  毫不疑问

4、 an advantage of is that +句子  的一个有点是

5、 Nothing is +-er than to do

Nothing is more important than to learn a foreign language.

6、It is universally acknowledged that +句子   全世界都知道

7、That is the reason why  那就是的原因

8、leave much to be desired  令人不满意

The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人很不满意。

9、 So/ Suchthat句型的倒装形式

10、So +adj. +be+主+that+句子   如此以至于

So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.

11、by +doing,can 通过能够

By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

12、as虽然倒装句式

adj. + as+主+be，主+谓 虽然

Rich as their country is, the qualities of their living are by no means satisfactory.

13、enable +宾语（受词）+ to + do   使能够

Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

14、On no account can we do  我们绝对不能

On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

!5、It is time +主+did 该是的时候了

It’s time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

16、There is no one but没有人不

There is no one but long to go to college.

三、书面表达套用格言、谚语

1、 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

2、 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。

3、 No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。

4、 Every coin has its two sides. as the proverb goes. The computer has both advantages and

disadvantages.

正如谚语所说：任何硬币都有两面。电脑既有优点，也有缺点。

5、 Just as the saying goes, No garden is without weeds. The internet has also some disadvantages.

正如常言所说：没有无杂草的花园。互联网也有一些不足之处。

四、高考书面表达常用词

1、 表示递进关系：besides, even, in addition, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, what’s worse, worse still, to make matters worse

2、 表示陈述事实：in fact, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth, actually

3、 表示举例：for example, for instance, such as, like, takefor example

4、 表示条件关系：if, unless, on condition that, as/ so long as

5、 表示并列关系：and, also, as well as, or, too, not onlybut also, bothand,eitheror,neithernor

6、 表示让步关系：though, as though, even if, even though, however, whatever, whichever, whenever, no matter who/what/which/where/when/whom等。

7、 表示对比关系：on (the) one hand, on the other hand; on the contrary; for one thing, for another

8、 表示转折关系：but, yet, however, while，though, or, nevertheless, otherwise, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, except (for), instead, after all, even though

9、 表示目的：so that, in order to , so as to, for this reason

10、 表示比较：compared with/ to , like, unlike, the same as , in the same way, similarly, be similar to, just like, just as

11、 表示时间关系的常用词：

At present, when, while, before, now, until, later, soon, lately, afterwards, since, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, from then on, in the meantime, then suddenly, all of a sudden, at the same time, immediately, the moment, at last, after that, after a while, in a few days, at that moment, as soon as

12、 表示因果关系：because, because of, for , since, now that, thanks to, due to, therefore, as a result, so that, so/ suchthat, owing to , thus, thereby, hence

13、 表示强调：indeed, above all, the most important of all, especially, certainly, in fact, surely, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, at least, obviously, at the most, not at all, what on earth/ in the world(究竟), after all, make sure, whatever the cost(不管付出多大的代价)

14、 表示时间顺序：first/ firstly, second, secondly, third/ thirdly, above all, first of all, before long, ever since, in the end, at last, afterward(s), finally, eventually

15、 表总结：in a word, in general, to sum up, in short, in summary, to conclude, in conclusion, in brief, on the whole.

附

*高考评分标准

本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

评分时先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次最后给分。

词数不少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。

评分使应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。

拼写与标点符号使语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

各档次的给分范围和要求：

A档（很好）：（21～25分）

完全完成了试题规定的任务，覆盖所有内容要点，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有少许错误，但是是为了尽力使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，完全达到了预期的写作目的。

B档（好）：（16～20分）

完全完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖了所有主要内容。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，少许错误主要是因为较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。整体而言，基本到达了预期的写作目的。

C档（适当）：（11～15）

基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖了所有主要内容。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解，应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。

D档（较差）：（6～10分）

未恰当完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是为

理解试题或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。信息未能传达给读者。

E档（差）：（1～5分）

未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。有较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。信息未能传达给读者。

F档（最差）：（0分）

未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法批判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。

说明：1.内容要点可用不同方式表达。

      2.对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。

行政处罚法案例分析题2011-01-12 13:37 

行政处罚法案例分析题

行政处罚法设定了许多重要制度，通过下面这两个案例我们一起看一下其中的9种制度。
一、
案情介绍：马某开了一家饺子店,王某声称自己吃了该店的饺子后,食物中毒得了急性肠胃炎,遂向某区卫生部门举报。办案人员叶某接到举报后,独自一人来到马某饺子店,二话不说即对马某作出了罚款100元的处罚决定。马某辩解说:"本店销售的是百年老字号水饺,你凭什么罚款?"叶某教训说:"你卖的饺子造成其他人中毒,你还敢抵赖?"于是立即将罚款增加到200元。马某只好缴纳罚款200元。叶某将罚款往口袋一装就走人了。
请问:本案中叶某对马某施行了行政处罚存在哪些违法情形?请指出并说明理由。   
案情分析：
违法之处如下：总共有6处，涉及到处罚法设定的6种制度。 
1、 叶某未出示证件，表明身份，不能一人进行案件调查。（这是处罚法中设定的表明身份制度）
第三十七条 行政机关在调查或者进行检查时，执法人员不得少于两人，并应当向当事人或者有关人员出示证件。
这是表明处罚主体是否合法的必要手续。
2、未调查取证，查明事实。（这是处罚法中设定的先取证、后裁决制度）
第三十条 公民、法人或者其他组织违反行政管理秩序的行为，依法应当给予行政处罚的，行政机关必须查明事实；违法事实不清的，不得给予行政处罚。 
并且复议法和诉讼法中规定：在复议和诉讼阶段，行政机关不得自行向当事人和证人收集证据。这就要求行政处罚机关在做出行政处罚决定之前，必须事实清楚，证据确实充分。
3、未告知当事人作出行政处罚决定的事实、理由及依据，未告知当事人依法享有的权利。（这是处罚法中设定的权利保障制度）
第三十一条 行政机关在作出行政处罚决定之前，应当告知当事人作出行政处罚决定的事实、理由及依据，并告知当事人依法享有的权利。 
其中告知当事人作出行政处罚决定的事实、理由及依据这是保障当事人的知情权，保证行政处罚的公开性。处罚过程中必须要充分保障当事人的权利。还包括陈述和申辩权及听证权，这两个制度我们在下面还会提到。
4、不适用简易程序。 （这是处罚法中设定的简易程序制度）
行政处罚程序分为两类：一般程序和简易程序。其中简易程序主要是为了提高行政效率，节省行政资源，适用于案情简单，事实清楚，处罚额度很小的案件。
第三十三条 违法事实确凿并有法定依据，对公民处以50元以下、对法人或者其他组织处以1000元以下罚款或者警告的行政处罚的，可以当场作出行政处罚决定。
大家注意，虽然处罚程序简化了，但当事人享有的权利不受影响。仍然享有陈述申辩权、复议、诉讼权。
5、未听取当事人的陈述和申辩，不能因当事人的申辩而加重处罚。（这是处罚法中设定的陈述和申辩制度）
第三十二条 当事人有权进行陈述和申辩。行政机关必须充分听取当事人的意见，对当事人提出的事实、理由和证据，应当进行复核；当事人提出的事实、理由或者证据成立的，行政机关应当采纳。行政机关不得因当事人申辩而加重处罚。
6、违反了罚款决定与罚款收缴相分离的规定。（这是处罚法中设定的收支两条线制度）
第四十六条 作出罚款决定的行政机关应当与收缴罚款的机构分离。
作出行政处罚决定的行政机关及其执法人员不得自行收缴罚款。
但是处罚法又规定了3种例外情况：（1）20元以下的罚款；（2）不当场收缴事后难以执行的；（3）在边远、水上、交通不便地区，当事人向指定银行缴纳罚款确有困难，经当事人提出，可当场收缴。大家注意，如果不是当事人主动提出，也不可当场收缴。
除去上述三种法律明确规定的情况，其余都要执行收支两条线的规定。
下面我们看第二个案例。
二、
案情介绍：某省质量技术监督局依法将纺织品质量监督行政处罚权委托给省纤维检验局行使。某日，省纤维检验局对某西服加工企业进行监督检查，发现存在以次充好的违法行为。经调查取证，在查清案件事实的基础上，省纤维检验局以自己的名义对该西服加工企业作出罚款10万元的行政处罚，处罚决定书内容包括：该企业名称、地址；违法事实、证据；处罚金额，履行方式、期限；行政机关名称和作出日期；加盖省纤维检验局公章。
请问：本案中行政处罚存在哪些违法情形?请指出并说明理由。 
案情分析：
违法之处如下：总共有3处，涉及到处罚法设定的3种制度。
1、处罚主体不当；（这是处罚法中设定的主体适格制度，包括处罚主体和被处罚主体都应当是合法、正确的。我们主要说一说处罚主体的问题。处罚主体分为两类：具有行政处罚权的行政机关和行政机关依法委托的组织。具有行政处罚权的行政机关能够以自己的名义实施行政处罚，独立承担法律后果。受委托的组织只能以委托行政机关的名义实施行政处罚，由委托行政机关承担相应的法律后果。
第十八条　行政机关依照法律、法规或者规章的规定，可以在其法定权限内委托符合规定条件的组织实施行政处罚。受委托组织在委托范围内，以委托行政机关名义实施行政处罚。
本案中，省纤维检验局受省质量技术监督局委托行使处罚权，只能以省质量技术监督局的名义实施行政处罚，处罚决定书应当加盖省质量技术监督局的公章，而不应是省纤检局的公章。
大家注意，受委托的组织不得再将行政处罚事项转委托。
2、未告知当事人听证的权利。（这是处罚法中设定的听证制度）
第四十二条　行政机关作出责令停产停业、吊销许可证或者执照、较大数额罚款等行政处罚决定之前，应当告知当事人有要求举行听证的权利；当事人要求听证的，行政机关应当组织听证。
听证程序是一般程序中的特别程序，是当事人陈述和申辩权利的一种延续。
3、未告知当事人救济途径。（这是处罚法中设定的处罚救济制度）
第三十九条　行政机关给予行政处罚，应当制作行政处罚决定书。行政处罚决定书应当载明下列事项：
　　（一）当事人的姓名或者名称、地址；
　　（二）违反法律、法规或者规章的事实和证据；
　　（三）行政处罚的种类和依据；
　　（四）行政处罚的履行方式和期限；
　　（五）不服行政处罚决定，申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼的途径和期限；
　　（六）作出行政处罚决定的行政机关名称和作出决定的日期。
　　行政处罚决定书必须盖有作出行政处罚决定的行政机关的印章。
不管是一般程序还是简易程序，当事人都享有复议和诉讼的权利。