第一部分 语法
第一章 非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形
式，即： doing , done , to do。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有 being done（被动式）; having done（完成式）;
having been done （完成被动式）
不定式 to do : 有 to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）;
to be doing（进行式）
动名词 doing : 有 having done（完成式）; being done（被动式）;
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：
一、动词不定式
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1.―to‖ 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的 to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to come to lead to refer to equal to familiar to
point to thank to devote to next to belong to be used to look forward to
2.带 to 还是不带 to
I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom （
但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）
3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由 for 作为标记的。但是有时用 of .
It‘s necessary for you to study hard . It‘s foolish of him to do it .
与 of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite ,
possible
4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, know , promise, teach , refuse ,
help , arrange, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, continue, ask, mean,
choose , expect etc.
需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用 it 做形式宾
语。例如：通常不说 We think to obey the laws is important . 而说 We think it important
to obey the laws .
5.不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到 to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to, love to , have to, ought to ,
need to, used to, be able to
6.不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：
1） 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
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这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud ,
angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2)目的 He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果 I hurried to get there only to find him out .
7.不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带 to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice
注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带 to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.
二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult . 学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus . 他的工作是开车。
I enjoy dancing . 我喜欢跳舞。
注意以下几个问题：
1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，
forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事
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remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事
mean to do …有意要做某事 mean doing … 意味着做了某事
regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔
can‘t help to do…不能帮助做某事 can‘t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to do … 尽力去做某事 try doing 试着做某事
learn to do …学着去做某事 learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事） stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do …接着做（另外一件事） go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事 be used to doing … 习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别
动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing 的含义
如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a running horse = a horse which is running
前者是动名词，后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy
3.动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。
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例如：His coming made us very happy .
4.动名词的语态和时态
5.动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing, want doing, require doing
例如：This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。
6.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy, escape , excuse , fancy , finish ,
complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk ,
keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can‘t help , can‘t stand , be used
to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,
三、分词
1 .The story is interesting. I‘m interested in it . 这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴
趣。
2 .This is a moving film . 这是一部动人的电影。
应注意的几个问题：
1.现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom? = Do you know the woman who is talking to
Tom ?
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2．分词作表语
The news sounds encouraging . They got very excited .
1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：
The news is interesting . He is interested in the news .
doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。
2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken . You‘d better have it repaired.（强调状态）
3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited ,
pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded ,
wounded , drank , done
3.分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )
Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful .（
正确）
Seeing 与 the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与 city 是动宾关系
第二章 从句
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第一节 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当
于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此
根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语
从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词：
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较：whether 与 if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 取代：
1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句
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3. whether 从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it 充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名词性 wh-从句
1）由 wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性 wh-从句。Wh-词包括 who, whom,. whose,
whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连
接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和 that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补
语和间接宾语等，例如：
主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。
宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.
我的问题是谁将接 任该基金会主席职位。
同位语： I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词 it 做形式主语，而将 wh-从句置于句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
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名词性 that-从句
1）由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句。
that 只起连接主句和从句
的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性 that-从句在句中能充
当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
2）That-从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将 that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注
定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that… 有必要……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that… 人们相信……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that… …是常识
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
第二节 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰
的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代
词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有:when, where, why 等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、
定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行
词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）
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2) Whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换), 例如：
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村
出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that 在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快
散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+
which"结构交替使用，
例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时
候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词
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后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. This is the mountain
village (which) I visited last year.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题
错在关系词的误用上。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确
选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例 1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例 1 D，例 2 A
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，
选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择
关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
as, which 非限定性定语从句
由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as 和 which 可代整个主句，相当于 and
this 或 and that。As 一般放在句首，which 在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A.it B.that C.which D.he
答案 C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that 修饰，而用 which.，it 和 he 都使后
句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选 he 句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案 B。which 可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而 what 不可。That 不能
用于非限定性定语从句，it 不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语
法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案 B.
as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整
个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可。
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(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；
若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用 which.。
在本题中，prevent 由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为 B。
As 的用法
例 1. the same… as；such…as 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例 2. as 可引导非限制性从句，常带有‗正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As 是关系代词。例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语；例 2 中，它充当从句的主语，
谓语动词 know 要用被动式。
介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that 前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系
副词
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when 和 where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
第三节 虚拟语气
非真实条件句
虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。
a. 与现在事实相反的假设
条件从句
主句
一般过去时（be 用 were）
should（would）等 +动词原形
例如：If they were here， they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。
含义：They are not here， they can‗t help you.
b. 与过去事实相反的假设
条件从句
主句
过去完成时
should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词
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例如：If he had come yesterday，
I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来
的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。
含义：He did not come yesterday， so I did not tell him about it.
c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
条件从句
主句
一般过去时
should/would 等 + 动词原形
were+ 不定式
should+ 动词原形
例如：If you succeeded， everything would be all right.
如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。
If you should succeed， everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed， everything would be all right.
含义：You are not likely to succeed， everything will be what it is now.
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有 were，
should，
或 had 时，
可省略 if，再把 were，
should
或 had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：
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Were they here now，
they could help us. =If they were here now，
they could help
us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier， you would have met him. =If you had come earlier， you
would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用 was，即
在从句中 be 用 were 代替。例如：
If I were you， I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
特殊的虚拟语气词 should
1）在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should
加动词原形，should 可省略。
It is
可用的词有三类
that
（should）do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed,
demanded, requested, insisted 等
important, necessary, natural,
imperative, strange 等
a pity, a shame, no wonder 等
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2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像 order，
suggest，
propose，
require，
demand，
request，
insist，
command， insist + （should）
do 等。例如：
I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
第四节 主谓一致
主谓一致中的靠近原则
1）当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例
如：
There is a pen，a knife and several books on the desk.
桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。
2）当 either… or… 与 neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保
持一致。如果句子是由 here， there 引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最
邻近的主语一致。例如： Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。
Here is a pen，a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。
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谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有 with， together with， like， except， but， no less than， as well as 等
词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在
参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
第五节 倒装
全部倒装
1、（
1）there/here+谓语+主语 例：there go the soldiers
（
2）注意：主语为代词时，以 there 或 here 开头的句子不可用倒装
例：here you are
2、(1)方位词(in/out/up/down/away/off/back/over……)/时间词(now/then)+谓语+主语
常与 go,come,run,fly,flow,rush 等动词连用 例：away flew the bird
(2)注意：如果注意是代词，主语和谓语不可倒装 例：away it flew
3、地点状语+谓语+主语
例：by the side stood a little boy in the middle of the lake lies a small island
behind the hill is a new express way
部分倒装
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1、(1)用于句首状语的否定词(not,never,hardly,barely,scarcely,little,never before,not
until,no sooner……than……，under no circumstances,by no means,in no time,in no
case,nowhere,not only……but also……等
例：little did he know that the police were around.
hardly could she believe her own eyes. by no means shall i change the plan.
(2)注意：not only+句子，but also+句子，部分倒装在 not also 部分
例：not only do i know her,but i am also her friend.
not until+时间状语+部分倒装结构（若含有时间状语从句，仅倒装在主句部分）
例：not until she left did i realize i had made a mistake.
第二部分 词义辨析
1.
attitude 一般表示对某事一时的看法或态度
例：what‘s your attitude to this plan ? 对于这个计划，你有什么意见？
manner 只成为一个人的习惯，特征的态度和举止。
例：I don‘t like make friends with him，because he was a very rude manner。
我不想和他交朋友，因为他的态度很粗鲁。
2.
appear 强调外表上给人某种印象，有时含有实质上本非如此之意。
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例：He appears to be quite old。他显得很老（是指他显得老，但实际情况未必一
定如此）
seem 暗示判断有一定依据，这种判断往往接近事实。
例：He seems to be quite
old。他看上去似乎很老。（可能他的确很老）
look 着重指由视觉得出的某种印象，强调直观上―看起来‖。
例：He looked very tired but he was still cheerful。他看上去很累，但仍然很高兴。
3.（1） it 用来指代上文提到的具体的人或物，可以作主语，宾语。
例：I‘ve bought a pen and it cost me 10 dollars。我买了一支钢笔，花了我 10 美元。
（
2） one 用来代替前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于―a / an + 单数名
词‖。
例：I‘ve lost my pen。I‘m going to buy a new one tomorrow。我把钢笔丢了，
我打算明天买一支新的。
（
3）
Ones 用来代替前面出现的复数名词，是泛指概念。
例：He likes American
novels，especially twenty century ones。他喜欢美国小说，尤其是 20 世纪的小说。
（
4）
the one 用来代替前面特指的单数名词，有时可用 that 代替（尤其在有后
置定语的情况下）
例：I like the book，the one which lies on the left。我喜欢把本
书，左边的那本。
（
5）
the ones 用来代替前面特指的复数名词，有时可用 those 代替（尤其在有
后置定语的情况下） 例：I want to buy some apples，the ones that look fresh。我
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想买些苹果，看起来很新鲜的那些。
（6.that 用来代替前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词，相当于―the+单
数可数名词/不可数名词‖。但是 but 一般不指代人，不可作形式主语，形式宾语。
例：The weather here is different from that in Beijing。这里的天气和北京不一样。
4. behaviour 在他人面前或特殊场合的行为。
例：He is satisfied with his behaviour at
the party。他对自己在宴会上的举止很满意。
conduct 关于道德方面的行为。例：She felt she was charged with improper conduct。
她认为自己因为行为不轨而被起诉。
5. divide 指把一个整体分成若干部分，被 divide 的东西在一定条件下具有统一性。
例：The house is divided into parts。这座房屋分成了好几部分。
separate 指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来，被 separate 的东西没有统一性。
例：He separated the big eggs from the small ones。他把大的蛋和小的蛋分开了。
6.（
1）
take part in 指参加群众性活动，重在说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥
一定的作用。
例：The old man took an active part in the students‘ movement when he was
young。这位老人年轻时积极参加学生运动。
（
2） join in 多指参加某种活动，如参加竞赛，娱乐活动，谈话等。
例：Would you like to join in our conversation？你愿意参加我们的谈话吗？
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（
3） join 通常指参加某个组织或团体，成为其中的一员。
例：Do you know how many people joined the organization？你知道多少人参加了
那个组织吗？
（
4） attend 正式用语，指参加会议，仪式，婚礼，葬礼，典礼或上课，上学
等。
例：I want to attend the lecture on DNA this afternoon。今天下午我想去听关于
DNA 的报告。
7.（1） lively adj. 生动活泼的。 例：a lively lesson 生动的一课。
（
2）live adj. 活着的（作前置定语，多修饰 fish 等动物）；现场直播的。
例：a live fish 一条活鱼；a live programme 现场直播的节目。
（
3）living adj. 活着的，可作定语和表语。 例：living things 生物。
（
4）alive adj. 活着的，是表语形容词，强调状态，也可作后置定语或补足语。
例：people alive 活着的人们；catch…alive 活捉…
8.amuse 指以有趣或好玩的事物娱乐他人以打发时间。
例：They amused themselves by looking at old photographs。他们以看旧照片来消
遣。
cheer 指使原本情绪低落的人变得快乐。 例：He was greatly cheered by the
news。听到这个消息他非常高兴。
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entertain 指以事先准备或设计好的方式来娱乐他人以打发时间。
例：He entertained us for hours with his stories。他给我们讲故事，让我们高兴了
好几个小时。
一言辨异：He was in low spirits these days。His friends decided to hold a party in
order to amuse him，so he was cheered by the news and at the party they entertained
themselves for hours。这些天他情绪有些低落，为了让他高兴，他的朋友决定举行
个晚会。听到这个消息他非常高兴，在晚会上他们高兴地玩了好几个小时。
9.that 引导表语从句时，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，在句中无具体语意，去
掉它，句意完整，但是它不能被省略。 例：The problem is that we haven‘t raised
enough money yet。问题是我们还没有筹到足够的资金。
what 引导表语从句时，意为―什么；……的（样子/东西/人/地方等）‖，在句
中充当主语、表语或者宾语。 例：The problem is what we should do with this
machine。问题是我们如何处理这台机器。
10.（1）because 语气最强，着重说明原因或理由，、是句子的重点。在回答 why
的问句和用于强调句型时，必须用 because 而不用 as，for 或 since。
例：He didn‘t
attend the meeting because he had too much work to do。因为要干的活太多，所以他
没参加会议。
（
2）since 语气比 because 稍弱，表示已为人知的原因，强调关系上的自然结果，
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不是句子的重点，一般意为―既然，鉴于‖（=now that），往往放在主语之前。
例：
Since a lot of people make mistakes in life，I want to give him a chance。既然许多人
在生活中都会犯错误，那么我很想给他一个机会。
（
3）as 语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系，可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之
后。不如 since 重要。 例：As I haven‘t seen the film，I cant tell you what I think of it。
由于我没有看过这部电影，所以我说不出对它有什么看法。
（
4）for 并列连词，连接一个表原因的并列分句，不能放在句首，主要放在两个
并列句之间，表示直接的、随便的附加说明或推断的理由。
例：He is probably ill，
for he is absent today。他可能是病了，因为今天他没来。
11.so…that… so 为 副 词 ， 其 后 跟 形 容 词 或 副 词 ； so+adj. /adv.+that… ；
so+many/few/much/little（少）
+名词+that…。
例：She is so clever a girl that everyone
likes her。她是一个很聪明的女孩，大家都喜欢她。
He worked so hard that he made great progress before long。他工作如此努力，以
至于不久就取得了很大的进步。
such…that… such 为形容词，修饰其后的名词；such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数
+that…；such+adj.+可数名词复数+that…；such+adj.+不可数名词+that…。 例：It
is so fine a day that we all want to go out for a walk。=It is such a fine day that we all
want to go out for a walk。天很好，我们都想出去散步。
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12.as a result ―结果，因此‖，一般放在句首，后面加逗号。 例：He played football
in the rain.As a result，he caught a bad cold。他在雨中踢足球，结果得了重感冒。
as a result of ―作为……的结果，由于……‖后面接名词或动名词作宾语。
例：
The sports meet was put off as a result of the bad weather。由于天气恶劣，运动会被
推迟了。
so ―因此，所以‖，既可以放在句首，也可放在句中，两种情况下 so 后面都不
加逗号。 例：I have finished my homework，so I can go to the cinema。我已经完
成了家庭作业，所以能去看电影了。
13.as 连词，意为―由于……，随着……‖，引导句子，其后动词作谓语。
例：As time passed，things seemed to get better。随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更
好了。
with 介词，意为―由于……，随着……‖，形成 with 复合结构，其后动词以非谓
语形式作宾补。
例：With time passing，things seemed to get better。随着时间的推移，情况似乎变
得更好了。
14.（
1）energy 主要指―人的精力‖―自然界的能源‖ 例：Old as he is，he has so much
energy that he can work 14 hours a day。尽管年纪大，但他有足够的精力每天工作
14 个小时。
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（
2）force 主要指非自然界的力量，暴力、势力、说服力、压制力、法律、道
德或情感的力量、军事的力量等。总之，它是活动中的力量。
例：The window was
stuck，but father got it open by force。窗户卡住了，但爸爸用力把它推开了。
（
3）strength 常指固定潜在的力量，就人说，着重指力气；就物说，着重指强
度、实力等。 例：We don‘t know the strength of the enemy。我们不知道敌人的实
力。
(4)power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、力量，人或机器等事物的潜在的或
所能发挥出来的力量等。 例：The masses have boundless creative power。人民群
众有无限的创造力。
15.loudly 只用作副词，―大声地‖，常与 loud 换用，但含有―喧闹‖的意味。
例：Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly。突然，墙上的铃大声地响了起来。
aloud ―出声地‖，通常与 read 连用，只用作副词。
例：Please read the poem aloud。
请大声朗读这首诗。
loud 可用作形容词或副词，―大声的/地，响亮的/地‖，常与 talk，speak，sing，
laugh 连用。 例：Don‘t speak so loud。不要说得这么大声。
16.subject 题目，问题。用途很广，指所想、所谈或所写的主要事件或观念。 例：
He wrote to me on the subject of changing his job。他写信给我，主要说他换工作的
事。
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topic 论题，话题，题目。指文章的主旨、某一句或某一段所包含的要点或指言
谈中的明确主旨。
例：It‘s a good topic for a composition。这是一个好的作文题目。
theme 主题。一般指文学作品、音乐作品等的主题。
例：The theme song of the
movie is very popular with the students。那部电影的主题曲很受学生欢迎。
17.settle ―解决‖，其对象通常是某种争端。
例：settle an issue/argument；settle a quarrel/matter。
solve ―解决‖，侧重的是给出一个答案。
例：solve a problem/puzzle；solve difficulties。
18.not more than 不超过，顶多。
例：He is not more than fourteen years old。他不到 14 岁。
no more than 仅仅，只有。
例：He is no more than fourteen years old。他只有 14 岁。
19.（
1）spend 人+spend+时间/金钱+(in)doing 或 spend 人+spend+时间/金钱+on+
名词。
例：Tom spent 15 yuan（in）buying/on the book。汤姆花 15 元买了这本书。
（
2）pay 人+pay+金钱+for+物。 例：Tom paid 15 yuan for the book。汤姆花 15
元买了这本书。
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（
3）cost 事/物+cost+人+时间/金钱。 例：The book cost Tom 15 yuan。这本书
花了汤姆 15 元。
（
4）take It+takes+人+时间/精力+to do sth.。 例：It took me much ime to study
financial reports。研究财务报告花了我很多时间。
20.（
1）journey 指从一地出发至达目的地的长途旅行。
例：We made a journey from Paris to Berlin by car。
我们乘轿车从巴黎到柏林去旅行。
（
2）tour 强调旅行一周再返回原出发地。
例：a round-the-world tour 环球旅行。
（
3）travel 无直达目的地之意，指不同方向的旅行。
例：write an account of one‘s travels。写一部游记。
（
4）trip 指休闲或因商的短途旅行。例：a trip to the seaside 海滨之行。
（
5）voyage 强调较远距离的水上、空中旅行。
例：make a voyage across the Atlantic。作横越大西洋的旅行。
21.（
1）scenery 自然景色的全称，常用来描述静态的乡村景色。
例：Would you like to enjoy the scenery in this beautiful district with me？你愿意与
我一起欣赏这个美丽地区的风光吧？
（
2）scene 指一眼可以浏览的风景，多半包括其中的人物、动作和行为。
34
例：a happy scene of children playing in the garden。
孩子们在花园中游玩的欢乐情景。
（
3）sight ―风景，名胜‖，常用复数形式，指人文景观。
例：Come and see the sights of London。来看看伦敦的名胜。
（
4）view 属于 scenery 的一部分，即从某处所见的情景（如从窗口往外看到的
景色）。
例：She had a marvelous view of the mountain from her bedroom window。
从她卧室的窗口可以看到山上极美的景色。
第三部分 阅读理解
英语阅读基本要求：
1）speed:30/min
2）理解具体信息（main idea,best title）
3）理解文中概念性涵义（concept）
4）相关推理判断和引申（infer）没有一个选项是因为它太接近原文而被淘汰，原
意重现本身就是推理
5）根据上下文推测生词的涵义
6）理解文章总体结构
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7）理解作者的意图，观点和态度
8）区分论点和论据（例证题）
阅读的步骤：
分三步走
1）通读全文，抓住中心：首段原则（第一段非常总重要）首末句原则
a. 文章论述的主要内容是什么？
b.作者的态度有没有？
c.有没有一些核心的概念？
2）仔细审题，返回原文（搜索题干中的时间地点人物概念，然后去原文中对
照找出相应的地方）
3）重复选项，得出答案（
选一个选项要有选它的理由，不选一个选项要有不
选它的理由）
几种题目的对策:
1. 主旨题：考察对文章中心思想的把握。
标志词：mainly about、purpose、title
解答主旨题关键抓两点：主题词、主题句。
主旨题正确选项的特点：包含主题词，对文章主题句的同义改写。
(1)主题词是全文中心讨论的事物。综合全文，尤其是在每个段落的开头，反复
重现的成分，往往是一个名词或名词词组，那就是主题词。而主旨题的正确选项是
会包含主题词的。
(2)主题句往往在全文开头出现，通常标志分别为：1 全文开头作者明确下结论、
表立场的句子； 2 全文开头引言后的解释；3 全文开头转折后的理论观点；4 全文
开头故事背景后引出的第一个理论观点
例文 1：
"Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or
exercise."Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the
body. While here's on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest
that challenging situations in which you're able to rise to the occasion can be good for
you. 主题句
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands
but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those
who felt they couldn't get the job done.
Stress that you can manage also boost immune (免疫的) function. In a study at the
Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two
stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed
36
by a short test, subjects through a gory (血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those
who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an
antibody that's the body's first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers
experienced a downturn in the antibody.
Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these
hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. "They can help
nerve cells handle information and put it into storage," says Dr. Bruce McEwen of
Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a
harmful effect on the body and brain.
"Sustained stress is not good for you," says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at
Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity,"It's the
occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective."
1. The passage is mainly about ___A___.
A) the benefits of manageable stress B) how to cope with stress effectively
C) how to avoid stressful D) the effect of stress harmonies on memory
分析：综合各段开头反复重现的成分既为主题词，stress，不包含主题词的优先
排除，四选项全部包含，转而查找主题句，文章开头出现引言，引言后的解释句中
出现 several studies suggest 明确的结论性表达，引导全文主题的出现，A 选项为文
37
章主题句的同义改写，manageable 对应 rise to，benefits 对应 be good for。BC 选项
都以 how to 开头，而原文中并未提出解决方法，因此排除。D 选项是针对第 3 段的
细节信息，不能够概括全文，因此排除，而且请各位同学注意，D 选项几乎完全照
抄原文，像这样的选项在选之前请先思考一下，这 2 分拿得会不会太轻松。
总结：主旨题正确选项一定包含主题词，对主题句同义改写，照抄原文的选项通
常不正确。
2. 细节题：考察对文章中重要细节的把握。
标志：题干较长，包含很多细节信息。
解答细节题关键抓三点：关键词定位、重要考点定位、顺序原则。
细节题正确选项的特点：对原文信息的同义改写：语言形式对应、含义对应。
(1)关键词定位：利用题干中的信息回到原文中找到答案出处，题干中可作为关键
词的信息通常为：1 大写专有名词（人名、地名）；2 数字时间；3 引言；4 本题干
中独特的名词或名词词组。
(2)考点定位：考点是出题人重点出题的热点信息，通常为：1 四种特殊语言形式：
因果、并列、比较、转折；2 数字串、举例前或后的结论；3 结论建议性表达。
(3)顺序原则：5 道题基本按照顺序在原文中寻找答案，但主旨题永远在文章开头
找答案不参与顺序原则。
例文 2：
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Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the
truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has
found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in
emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded – and can come back to haunt (困
扰) you – appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep
a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email
exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they
told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He
found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per
cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.
His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in
Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. 1Some expected remailers to be
the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the
detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. 2Others expected
people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form
of communication.
39
But Hancock says it is also crucial 1whether a conversation is being recorded and
could be reread, and 2whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie
when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says.
This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time – in a instant message or phone call,
say – than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are
spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: "Do you like
my dress?"
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their
employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales
where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work
assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
2. Hancock‘s research finding surprised those who believed that __C__.
A) People are less likely to lie in instant messages
B) People are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C) People are most likely to lie in email communication
D) People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
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分析：以题干中的 research finding 结合 surprised 回到原文定位，因为是第 2 题
所以按照顺序原则在文章中前部的第 3 段开头找到 His results 和 surprised 的对应。
原文中出现 some…others 的搭配说明有两类 psychologists，分别是 email 和
face-to-face，在四个选项中都没有同时包含这二者的，那么就看哪个选项正确的表
述了其中之一，AD 因为说的是 instant messages 和 phone 首先被排除，B 选项中的
unlikely 和原文中的 lie more 相对立，因此排除，C 选项中的 most likely 对应原文中
the biggest，是对原文信息的同义改写，因此正确。
总结：文章三段中大量出现比较和因果考点，如：the biggest、reasoning、
because 、easier 、lie more 、most practiced，因此本段被考到的几率非常大。而且
在原文中出现最高级 biggest 的时候，正确选项也同时出现了对应 most likely，语言
形式对应。注意关注文章中的重要考点，正确答案的语言形式与原文相对应。
3. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through
certain media of communication? (A)
A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.
C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
D) They are most practiced at those forms of communication.
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分析：以题干中的 tell the truth 结合因果词 why 回到原文定位，因为是第 3 题
所以按照顺序原则在文章中部的第 4 段找到 be afraid to lie 的对应。原文中定位句的
前一句同时出现转折 But、最高级 crucial（the most important）考点，这正是答案出
现的明确信号。定位的本句说人们 be afraid to lie 也就是 tell the truth 是因为他们得
知这个对话日后会 hold them to account 使得他们承担责任,这是对本段开头 Hancock
所提出的两个 crucial 最重要观点中的 1 being recorded 的展开解释，正确答案 A 选
项中的 leaving behind traces 对应原文中的 recorded。B 与原文无关，CD 选项是 3
段那两类 psychologists 的观点，而本题问的是 According to the passage 本文的观点，
也就是实验的实施人 Hancock 的观点，CD 选项尤其是 D 选项的错误率很高，大部
分错选 CD 的同学都是因为审题不明确，并且是在凭借印象做题，而没有在文章中
找寻明确对应。
总结：关注文章中的重要考点，注意同义替换词的积累。重复的内容反复考，
因此要求不断积累正确选项和原文之间的同义替换。
3. 语义题：考察根据上下文推断词义的能力。
标志：题干中包含明确位置，如：(Line 1, Para. 3) 。
解答语义题关键抓两点：利用并列平行结构、根据上下文的语义推断。
语义题错误选项的特点：简单词的本意。
(1) 简单词的本意往往为错误选项。
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例题 4：
What do the environmentalists mean by saying "Not so fast" (Line 1, Para.
3)? （C）
A) Oil exploitation takes a long time B) The oil drilling should be delayed
C) Don't be too optimistic D) Don't expect fast returns
分析：题干非常简单，从字面意思上看与速度和时间有关系，AB 中的 takes a
long time和delayed都是Not so fast的字面意思，D选项更是用fast来解释Not so fast，
因此 ABD 同时排除，正确答案是 C，与简单的题干的字面意思没有直接联系。
总结：语义题的题干如果很简单，那么正确答案就与字面意思无关。
(2) 利用并列平行结构
例题 5：（对应例文 1）
The word "shun" (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means ___B___.
A) cut down on 减少 B) stay away from 远离
C) run out of 用完 D) put up with 忍受（B）
分析："Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food,
love or exercise."在本句话中出现比较 more than，把前后的内容进行对比 they 对应
Humans，shun 对应 avoid，对应正确答案 B，stay away from 远离。
总结：灵活利用并列、比较等平行结构寻找对应
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(3) 根据上下文的语义推断
例题 6：
What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by "the ostrich approach" (Line 1, Para.
9)? （D）
A) A casual attitude towards one's health conditions
B) A new therapy for certain psychological problems
C) Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved
D) Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear
分析：原文 Then there is the ostrich approach. "Some men are scared of what might
be there and would rather not know," says Dr. Ross Cartmill. 关于ostrich approach 的意
思，需要看上下文的内容，也就是对应在后面的那句话，D 选项中的 Unwillingness
to find out 对应原文的 would rather not know，fear 对应 scared，因此为正确答案。
总结：语义题不是考察你是否认识这个单词，而是考察你能不能利用上下文推
断出它在文章里的含义。
一般来说，阅读目的不外乎分为这么几种：要么是为了了解文章的大意，或者
掌握具体细节，要么是寻找某些问题的答案，或者是为了学习语言。针对不同的阅
读目的，你必须采取相应的阅读策略，只有这样才能真正做到有效的阅读。
44
45
如果你是为了了解文章的大意，建议你不妨首先研究一下文章标题，看看是否
可以从中找到有用的信息；如果文章中还含有小标题的话，可以把它们结合起来加
以综合考虑。接着，你可以采用类似浏览的略读策略（skim），从主要部分（如文
章的首段和尾段，及每一段的首句和末句等）寻找关键内容，从而快速准确地把握
文章大意。
为了及时把握文章细节，你可以运用寻读策略（scan） .所谓―寻读‖， 就是要
求你在阅读的时候，不过分强调对文章内容的整体理解。只要按照文章顺序，跳跃
式地寻找有关的具体内容加以阅读理解即可。换句话说，就是只阅读你认为重要的
细节部分，其他可以略过不读。
如果是为了寻找某些问题的答案，可以运用主题句（topic sentence）
定位策略。
按照英语的习惯，通常一段话的首句即为这一段的主题句（当然，有时候主题句也
可能是该段落的末句）。针对问题，找到相关的主题句，再对这一段加以仔细阅读、
理解，以求找到问题的答案。
如果想要借助阅读来学习语言，由于这类阅读的目的超越了阅读的本质，一般
可以运用―精读‖ 学习时采用的单词和语法学习策略，留到以后再具体说明。
由此可见，正确的策略对于英语阅读的重要性。从现在起，你可以根据不同的
阅读目的，多做些相关训练，来培养自己采取正确阅读策略的能力。
第四部分 写作
专升本英语短文写作常用句型
1. __________have a great influence on_______(对……有很大的影响)
2. __________pose a great threat to __________( 对……造成一大威胁)
3. __________leave much to be desired_______(令人不满意)
4. __________be closely related to__________ (……与……息息相关)
5. get into the habit of + Ving（养成……的习惯)
6. bring home to + 人 + 事 (让……明白……事)
7. Spare no effort to + V(不遗余力)
8. It pays to + V (……是值得的)
9. It is conceivable that + 句子( 可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子( 明显的) It is apparent that + 句子(显然的)
10. __________be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V(不得不)
11. Nothing is + __________er than ________ to + V /Nothing is + more + 形容词 +
than to + V
12. ___cannot emphasize the importance of ___ too much. (再怎么强调……的重要性
也不为过。)
13. There is no denying that + S + V… (不可否认的…… )
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There is no doubt that +句子(毫无疑问的……)
14. So +形容词+ be + that + 句子(如此……以至于 )
15. adj + as + Subject (主词) + be, S + V (虽然……)
16. The + __________er + S + V, the + __________er + S + V (愈……愈……)
17. On no account can we + V(我们绝不能…… )
18. It is time + S + 过去式（该是……的时候了）
19. Those who__________ (……的人…… )
20. The reason why + 句子…is that + 句子 (……的原因是……)
第五部分 翻译
专升本翻译必备三十句型
1. more…than…
Smith is more diligent than intelligent.
2. It‘s no use / good/ worth doing sth.
It‘s no use talking with him. He won‘t listen to you.
3. can‘t help doing sth.
Many people couldn‘t help bursting into tears when they heard the terrible train
accident.
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4. It‘s high/about time that sb. did sth.
It‘s high time that we took measures to protect our living environment.
5. It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who(主要指人时)/that + 其余部分
It is right here under the tree that he proposed to me.
It is only when you lose someone that you fully realize how important he or she is to
you.
6. It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. It costs sb.（money）to do sth.
sb. spend + 时间 +（in）doing sth./sb. spend + 钱 + on sth.
sb. pay money for sth.（注意以上动词时态人称变化）
He spent ten days (in) finishing this tough task.
7. what 引导的从句 Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago.
8. ...倍数 + as + 原级 + as... The room is three times as large as that one.
9. The + _______er... , the +__________er...
The more you give him, the more he wants to get from you.
10. It is + adj +for sb to do sth.
It‘s important for you to practise your spoken English every day.
11. even if/even though
Even if/Even though you failed, it doesn‘t mean you are a loser.
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12.…until…; not…until…
Children danced to the music until it stopped.
Many parents don't realize the importance of family education until their children get
into trouble.
13. not only...but also...
In order to get a high score, you not only need to work diligently but also need to work
efficiently.
14. or/or else/ otherwise
Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be out.
15. as soon as ；once
We wrote him a letter of thanks as soon as we received the gifts he had presented.
Once you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do it well.
16. as/since/for/due to/thanks to/because of
Many people are moving to the countryside because of the air pollution in the city.
17. If I were you，I would…. If I were you, I would refuse his proposal.
18. as, though, although，in spite of 引导的让步状语从句
[注意]although 位于句首;though 位于句首或句中;as 位于句中=though。
Although/Though he is young, he already has a good command of English.
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Marathon succeeded in conveying the news of victory in spite of the long long
distance.
19. would rather...than...
Zhu Ziqing would rather die of hunger than yield to the Japanese.
20. whether … or not Whether you like it or not, you‘ll have to do it.
21. It is said/reported/estimated that...
It is said that the superstar couple are going to divorce.
22. so/as long as；only in this way...
I won‘t bully anyone as long as he doesn‘t offend me.
Only in this way can we prevent this kind of tragedy from happening again.
23. as if/as though（表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)
Our teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class
think highly of her.
24.疑问词+ever whatever, whoever, however, whenever
Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.
Whoever (=No matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome.
25....have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth.
People from different parts of China may have trouble in understanding each other.
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51
26. so +形容词+that；such +名词+that
He is so busy that he doesn‘t have time to have a rest.
It is such an unusual work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
27. since，now that Since you can‘t answer the question, I‘ll ask someone else.
Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.
28. so that = in order that
Let‘s get up early tomorrow morning so that we don't have to queue for the play.
39. It‘s up to you+从句/to do
It‘s up to you whether you go to see the new film.
It‘s up to you to decide which one to choose.
30. not...at all
He has been working hard for a whole day but he doesn‘t feel tired at all.
附录一
河南省专升本高频单词
1. infer v. 推论,推断
2. integrate v.（使）成为一体、合并
3. moist a. 潮湿
4. moisture n. 潮湿
5. promote vt. 促进；提升
6. region n. 地区；范围；幅度
52
7. register v./n.登记,注册
8. stable a. 稳定的
9. sophisticated a.老练的；很复杂的
10. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的
11. cancel vt. 取消,废除
12. variable a. 易变的,可变的
13. prospect n. 前景,前途；景象
14. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣
15.campus n. 校园
16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的
17.transform v. 转变,变革；变换
18.transmit v. 传播,播送；传递
19.transplant v. 移植
20.transport vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输
21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变
22.vary v. 变化,改变；使多样化
23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见
24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子
25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心
26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的
27.mild a.温暖的,暖和的；温柔的,味淡
28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的
29.nuisance n.损害,妨害,讨厌（的人或事
物）
30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻
重的
31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进
32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的；完全
的
33.boundary n. 分界线,边界
34.brake n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住
（车）
53
35.catalog n. 目录（册） v. 编目
36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的
37.vain n. 徒劳,白费
38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的
39.extraordinary a.不平常的,特别的,非凡
的
40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的 n.极端
41.agent n. 代理人,代理商；动因,原因
42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精
43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求
44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏
45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准
46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励
47.acquire vt. 取得,获得；学到
48.accomplish vt .完成,到达；实行
49.network n. 网状物；广播网,电视网
50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流
51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的
52.trace vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹
53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨
54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛
55.wax n. 蜡
56.weave v. 织,编
57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持
61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待；谩骂
62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的
63. academy n.（高等）专科院校；学
会
64. battery n. 电池（组）
65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏
66. cargo n.（船、飞机等装载的）货物
67. career n. 生涯,职业
68. vessel n. 船舶；容器,器皿；血管
69. vertical a. 垂直的
54
70. oblige v. 迫使,责成；使感激
71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊
72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度
73. exterior n.外部,外表 a.外部的,外
表的
74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的
75. petrol n. 汽油
76. petroleum n. 石油
77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁
78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽
79. decent a. 像样的,体面的
80. route n. 路；路线；航线
81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,[pl.]废
墟
82. sake n. 缘故,理由
83. satellite n. 卫星
84. scale n. 大小,规模；等级；刻度
85. temple n. 庙宇
86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的
87. tend vi.易于,趋向
88. tendency n.趋向,趋势
89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的
90. undergo v. 经历,遭受
91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量
的
92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳
93. adapt vi. 适应,适合；改编 vt. 使
适应
94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位；单身汉
95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的；临时的
96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉
97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的
55
98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器
99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的
100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学
101. organ n. 器官,风琴
102. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩
103. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出
104. expend v. 消费
105. expenditure n. 支出,消费；经费
106. expense n. 开销,费用
107. expensive a. 花钱多的；价格高
贵的
108. expand v. 扩大,扩张；展开,膨胀
109. expansion n. 扩大,扩充；发展,
膨胀
110. private a. 私人的,个人的
111. individual a.个别的,单独的 n.个
人
112. personal a.个人的,私人的；亲自的
114.personnel n.人员,员工;人事部门
115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋
119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予
119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的
120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭
121. acid n.酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的；尖刻
的
122. acknowledge v. 承认；致谢
123. balcony n. 阳台
124. calculate vt. 计算,核算
125. calendar n. 日历,月历
56
126. optimistic a. 乐观
127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制
的
128. outstanding a.杰出的,突出的,显著
129. export n. 出口（物） v. 出口,输
出
130. import n.进口（物） v. 进口,输入
131. impose vt. 把...加强(on)；采用,
利用
132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰
133. religious a. 宗教的
134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者
135. video n.电视,视频 a.电视的,录
像的
136. videotape n. 录像磁带
137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯
138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦
139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍
140. internal a. 内部的,国内的
141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先
142. racial a. 人种的种族的
143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射
144. radical a.根本的；激进的
145. range n. 幅度,范围 v.变动
146. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹 v. 想知道
147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立
148. issue n. 问题,争论点；发行,一期
149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道
150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住
151. adequate a. 适当地；足够
152. adhere vi.
粘附,附着；遵守,坚持
153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止
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154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获
155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的；正当的
156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷
157. consistent a.一致的,始终如一的
158. continuous a. 继续的,连续（不断）
159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的
160. explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增
161. exploit v. 剥削；利用,开采
162. explore v. 勘探
163. explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增
164. explosive a.爆炸的；极易引起争论
165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的
166. removal n. 除去,消除
167. render vt. 使得,致使
167. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致
使, 放弃, 表演, 实施 vi.给予补偿 n.交纳,
粉刷, 打底
168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕
169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的
170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定
171. identify n. 身份；个性,特性
172. poverty n. 贫穷
173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗..的,耐..的
174. resolve vt. 解决；决定,决意
175. barrel n. 桶
176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价
177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的
178. coach n. 教练；长途公共汽车
179. code n. 准则,法规,密码
180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷,盘绕
181. adult n. 成年人
182. advertise v. 为...做广告
183. advertisement n. 广告
184. agency n. 代理商,经销商
185. focus v.（使）聚集 n.焦点,中心,聚焦
186. forbid vt. 不许,禁止
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187. debate n./v. 辩论,争论
188. debt n. 欠债
189. decade n. 十年
190. enclose vt. 围住；把...装入信封
191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到
192. globe n. 地球,世界；地球仪
193. global a. 全球的；总的
194. scan vt. 细看；扫描；浏览
195. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻
196. significance n. 意义；重要性
197. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的
198. virtue n. 美德,优点
199. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的
200. orient vt.使适应,(to,toward)使朝向
201. portion n. 一部分
202. target n. 目标,靶子 vt. 瞄准
203. portable a. 手提式的
204. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝；下降
205. illusion n. 错觉
206. likelihood n. 可能,可能性
207. stripe n. 条纹
208. emphasize vt. 强调,着重
209. emotion n. 情感,感情
210. emotional a. 感情的,情绪（上）的
211. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的
212. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的
213. clue n. 线索,提示
214. collision n. 碰撞,冲突
215. device n. 装置,设备
216. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出
217. inevitable a. 不可避免的
218. naval a. 海军的
219. navigation n. 航行
220. necessity n. 必需品；必要性
221. previous a. 先,前,以前的
222. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮；准备
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223. pursue vt. 追逐；追求；从事,进行
224. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的
225. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 代替
226. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得
227. discrimination n. 歧视；辨别力
228. professional a. 职业的,专门的
229. secure a. 安全的,可靠的
230. security n. 安全,保障
231. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒
232. talent n. 才能,天资；人才
233. insurance n. 保险,保险费
234. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保
235. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过
236. neutral a. 中立的,中性的
237. spot n. 地点；斑点 vt. 认出,发现
238. spray v. 喷,（使）溅散
239. medium a. 中等的
n. 媒介物,新闻媒介
240. media n. 新闻传媒
241. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的
242. automatic a. 自动的
243. compete vi. 竞争,比赛
245. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的
244. competition n. 竞争,比赛
246. distribute vt. 分发
247. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍
248. infer v. 推论,推断
249. integrate v.（使）成为一体,
（使）合并
250. moist a. 潮湿
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251. moisture n. 潮湿
252. promote vt. 促进；提升
253. region n. 地区；范围；幅度
254. register v./n.登记,注册
255. stable a. 稳定的
256. sophisticated a. 老于世故的,
老练的；很复杂的
257. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的
258. cancel vt. 取消,废除
259. variable a. 易变的,可变的
260. prospect n. 前景,前途；景象
更多专升本常考词汇，请参阅河南省专升本《词汇宝典》（作者孙健轩）
耶鲁专升本名师箴言
关于专升本语法词汇复习的建议
---from Emily
语法词汇都是英语学习的基本要素，这两种基本功直接影响英语的其他技能的
发挥特别是阅读和写作。所以同学们首先要给予语法词汇足够的重视。
关于词汇：词汇记忆是需要一定的周期性，大致分为三个阶段。第一阶段，基
础词汇的认知，专升本英语要求 3750 个基础词汇，同学们要对这些词汇有大概的
了解，俗话说的好―工欲善其事，必先利其器‖，要想过了单词这一关，必须有一本
好的单词书，河南省命题组指定英语单词用书，也是河南省唯一专升本词汇书——
《词汇宝典》，该书由耶鲁教育阅读金牌讲师孙健轩老师编写而成，书里面囊括了
专升本英语所需的 3750 个高频单词，并对单选中的重点单词加以详细讲解，如果
同学们好好研读这本书，相信一定会有收获的。第二阶段，熟记重点单词。专升本
的英语其实并不难，难的是同学们没有正确的方法，大家知道，在专升本英语的试
卷中，作文和翻译为主观题，也就是我们要书写到卷面上的题。无论是作文还是翻
译都有高频词，比如 environment, society, develop 等，这些词都会在本小册子中有
详细讲解，也是需要我们熟记的单词，这些单词毕竟是少数，因此把这些重点词背
会，写作和翻译就不成问题了。第三阶段，复习。―温故知新‖是我们从小就知道的
道理，对于英语单词也是如此，前面两个阶段打下了夯实的基础，第三个阶段就是
全面系统的复习，多做些阅读和完形填空，把你所记单词加以实践，并坚持再看第
二遍、第三遍单词书，英语单词这一关就过去了。最后希望同学们能严格按照计划
督促自己，坚持到最后，专升本英语考高分，so easy!
关于专升本写作翻译复习的建议 ---from Crystal
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每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始，才能找到成功的路。所以希望想要参
加专升本考试的学生，在拿到这本小册子之后，就能立刻开始认真为专升本考试做
准备。
其实无论是对于长期的英语学习者来说，还是对于短期内备战专升本考试的学
生来说，最重要最基础的都是语法和词汇。在专升本英语考试中，只有翻译和写作
这两部分是主观题，也就是要求考生得准确无误的写出单词和句子，由此可见，这
两部分也是以语法和词汇为基准的。我们知道，按照考试大纲要求，专升本考试要
求考生达到的词汇量是 3750，但其实对于备战翻译和写作两部分，要求考生准确无
误写出的单词，300 个足够，那么这 300 个翻译写作高频词汇会贯穿在耶鲁的基础
班、精讲班以及集训营课堂上，会有详细地讲解和归纳。
翻译部分，大多考题是在考察固定短语搭配、固定句型或某个特定的语法点，
这就要求考生在备考过程中，系统的去学习、理解和记忆这些知识，并多做练习以
达到记忆单词、巩固语法点的效果。
写作部分，纵观历年专升本写作考题，归纳起来就议论文和应用文两种体裁。
所以以后基本还是会延续这个特点。就 2012 年公英写作考题―微博‖（Microblog）
来说，耶鲁在考前准确命中，并在课堂上有过详细分析讲解。2003、2004、2006、
2008、2009、2011、2012 年，耶鲁在当年的课堂上写作老师都讲过这些写作原题，
这对上过课的学生来说，无疑是巨大的帮助。写作中也有很多万能句型、万能理由，
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考生经过认真学习、归纳总结、再多加练习，更可以灵活运用写作模板，写出属于
自己的精彩英文作文，所以赢得高分绝对不是梦想！
最后预祝参加专升本考试的同学，都能考出理想成绩，进入理想的本科院校继
续深造学习！
关于阅读理解复习的建议 -----from Cathy
英语阅读理解中分值 40 分，20 道题目，这部分权重比较大，如果能得到 90%
以上的分数，就基本可以保证英语成绩在 110 分以上。但是，由于考生对试题形式
和解题技巧缺乏系统认识，导致这一部分失分较多。
一、阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力：
1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；
2、了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节；
3、根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义；
4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系；
5、根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申。
二、阅读理解方法：
1、先看题目再阅读文章提高方向性，还有如果遇到有划线的单词，下文就肯定有―它
能被那个单词替代‖的题目，可以提前做准备。
2、做题的时候把证据在文中划出来，方便检查（尤其是细节题）。
3、学会检查的方法，有把握的不看，有疑问的做个记号等等回来看。
4、掌握时间，一般 5 篇阅读 35-50 分钟左右（如果你想认真写作文的话）平时练的
时候也限定时间，比如从 1 个小时开始，逐渐变快。
5、平时练习一定要注意自己的心态，有时候是能力已经达到了，但是每次都要错
上几题的，不妨反思反思自己的心态。
6、如果比较平均的，可以直接做试卷，像考试那样，一定要一口气做完（至少阅
读），不能做两篇歇一下。
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2013 年河南省普通高等学校
选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试
公共英语
Part I Vocabulary an Structure
1.Some companies might not let you rent a car _____ you have a credit card .
A .where B.since C.because D.unless
2.In his opinion，success in life mainly _______on how we get along with other people.
A．keeps B．depends C．insists D．spends
3.We______building the bridge by the end of next month.
A .are finishing B.would finish C.have finished D.will have finished
4.Our company‘s service is _____ in nearly 80 countries around the word．
A．available B．relative C．natural D．careful
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5.It was in Johnson‘s hotel _______ the business meeting was held last year.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
6.It is true that ____ drinking is bad for the health .
A.sufficient B. little C.enough D.excessive
7.Rising prices may ______ the rise in demand for these goods.
A reflect B remind C convey D explain
8.The airplane arrived one hour behind ____.
A.plan B.date C.time D.schedule
9.Fresh air,enough exercise and nutritious food ______ to good health.
A.contribute B.add C.attribute D.distribute
10.Our English professor is a man of French _____.
A.birth B.origin C.source D.breed
11.My advice is that she _____ to apologize to him.
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A.go B.where C.which D.when
12.After the earthquake, a new school building was put _______there had once been a
theatre.
A.that B.where C.which D.when
13.Any man who wants to start a business must have some ______.
A.currency B. income C.wealth D.capital
14.________you decide to do ,you should try to make it a success.
A If only B.Unless C.Wherever D.whatever
15.If it ______ too much trouble I‘d love a cup of tea
A．isn‘t B．weren‘t C．wasn‘t D．hadn‘t been
16.If you don‘t go. Neither ______.
A. shall I B. do I C. I do D. I shall
17.Don‘t talk about such things of ______you are not sure．
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A．which B．what C．as D．those
18.I don‘t like ________you speak to her.
A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which
19.After _____ seemed ages,the newsman disclosed the facts.
A.there B.which C.what D.what
20.______ has finished the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we don‘t know
who it will be.
A.Those who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.No matter who
21.Jim was caught ____ drugs into the country.
A.steal B.smuggling C.smug D.giggling
22.The firm will ____ the workers _____ their loss of job.
A.compact;with
B.conflict C.has kept D.has been kept
23.David sent his girlfriend a ring ______ by his grandmother for all her life.
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A.have kept B.kept C.has kept D.has been kept
24._____ from the top of the mountain ,the building looks like a bird nest.
A.Viewed B.Viewing
C.Been viewed D.Being viewed
25.In the swamp the army _____ by mosquitoes.
A.was fallen B.was beset C.was worried D.was set
26.You didn‘t take his advice．________ his advice, you _______ such a mistake.
A．Had you taken，wouldn‘t have made
B．If you had taken，would make
C．Were you to take， shouldn‘t have made
D．Have you taken，won‘t have made
27.Half of his goods _____ stolen the other day.
A.are B.were C.is D.was
28. He asks that he ______an opportunity to explain why he‘s refused to go there.
A.is given B.must give C.should give D.be given
29.I am sorry that he ______ in such poor health.
A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be
30.The piano in the other shop will be ____ ，but ____ .
A．cheaper; not as better B．more cheap; not as better
C．cheaper; not as good D．more cheap;not as good
31.______ difficult the task may be,we will try our best to complete it in time.
A.No matter B. No wonder C.Though D.However
32.The reason is _______he is unable to operate the machine.
A.because B.why C.that D.whether
33.We‘re talking about the piano and the pianist D were in the concert we attended last
night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
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34.The girl _____ an English song in the next room si Tom‘s sister.
3.
who is singing
B. is singing C. Being written D. was singing
35.The first textbook for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th
century.
A．having written B．to be written C．being written D．written
36.We‘d like to do _____ we can ____ the poor.
A.how;help B.all;to help C.whatever;help D.however; to help
37.The defense computers calculate way to ______ the enemy missiles.
A． spoil B. harm C．destroy D．damage
38.Today，household chores have been made much easier by electrical _____ .
A．facilities B．equipment C．appliances D．utilities
39.I really appreciate ______to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage it by
myself.
A.you to offer B.thar you offer C.your offering D.you to have offered
40.______to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one‘s skin.
A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being attention
Part II Cloze
The old idea that anyone with a little money can start a business and operate it
successfully is no longer invalid(无效果的）. An equally important factor is business
relations with 41 .
It is necessary to know what people want and to make it 42 to then in a pleasant
and convenient way.with43 effort you will understand your buyer‘s needs,and know how
to 44 him and make him appreciate the good points of your 45 .Knowing how to 46 to
customers is the secret of successful selling. They appreciate it when you show a
genuine,friendly interest in helping them to get the best goods 47 their purpose.
All customers have the desire to get value in 48 .Smart people are price-and-value
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49 .They will not insist 50 lower-priced goods if they can be shown that higher-pried
goods will give them better value 51 use. Your function,as a 52 ,is to help the buyer get
the best 53 his money. This means that you must know your goods , be able to discuss
their construction and performance in en intelligent way and be confident when you 54
the special qualities of your product or 55 .If you cannot tell the facts about these
qualities,you should say ,you should say, ―I don‘t know ,‖and find them out.
Before approaching prospects with the idea of turning them into customers,you
need to agin their confidence, as many articles are bought because of our faith in people
as because of our faith in the 56 .
Now we are ready to invite visitors.Who shall they he?Personal 57 is the best way
to learn the present and probable market for what you have to offer.
Recommendation by friends is also an excellent way to get in touch 58 prospects.
The why it is important to maintain customers .Tell them of your appreciation every time
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they sea prospect .Drop 59 at their offices or phone them at their homes.Tell them about
things may interest or 60 them.
41. A）customers B）sellers C）merchant D）businessmen
42. A）nice B）go C）available D）attractive
43. A）personal B）personnel C）manual D）artificial
44. A）get B）attract C）cheat D）approach
45. A）offer B）dress C）store D）good
46. A）please B）supply C）appeal D）adapt
47. A）in B）for C）with D）of
48. A）clothes B）selling C）food D）exchange
49. A）knowing B）ignorant C）conscious D）dependent
50. A）in B）upon C）concerning D）with
51. A）in B）while C）when D）before
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52. A）customer B）buyer C）merchandise D）salesman
53. A）for B）beyond C）above D）against
54. A）stresses B）display C）emphasize D）mentioned
55. A）help B）service C）personality D）repair
56. A）merchant B）salesman C）future D）merchandise
57. A）attraction B）contact C）ability D）traveling
58. A）with B）through C）by D）on
59. A）out B）in C）across D）letters
60. A）disinterest B）cheat C）fool D）benefit
Part III Reading Comprehension
Passage One
"If you want to see a thing well, reach out (伸出手) and touch it!"
That may seem a strange thing to say. But touching things can help you to see
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them better. Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round. But by holding it in your
hands, you can feel how smooth (光滑) and cool the ball is. You can feel how heavy the
glass is. When you feel all these about the ball, you really see it.
With your skin, you can feel better. For example, your fingers can tell the difference
between two coins in your pocket. You can feel a little drop of water on the back of your
hand, too.
All children soon learn what "Don't touch!" means. They hear it often. Yet most
of us keep on touching things as we grow up. In shops, we touch things as we might buy:
food, clothes. To see something well,we have to touch it.
There are ways of learning to see well by feeling. One way is to close your eyes
and try to feel everything that is touching your skin. Feel the shoes on your feet, the
clothes on your body, the air on your skin. At first, it is not easy to feel these things. You
are too used to (习惯于) them!
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Most museums are just for looking. But today some museums have some things
to touch. Their signs say, "Do touch!" There you can feel everything on show. If we want
to see better, reach out and touch it. Then you will really see!
61.By touching things, .
A. you will have a strange feeling
B. you will learn how to reach out your hand
C. you can tell the difference of the things
D. you can tell what colours they are
62. When people buy things in shops, they often .
A. try them on first
B. keep their right hands on them
C. ask about them
D. feel and touch them
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63. Why does it say "At first, it is not easy to feel these things?" Because .
A. the things are used by people, too
B. people feel the things too often
C. people know how to use the things
D. the things are easy to feel
64. Which of the following is true?
A. Touching is more important than seeing.
B. Our feet, fingers, hands and skin can help us buy food.
C. People have to learn to see by feeling as they grow up.
D. Visitors can feel the things on show in some museums.
65. Which of the following can be the best title of the story?
A. Touching by Feeling
B. To See or to Feel?
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C. To See Better-Touch
D. Ways of Feeling
Passage Two
The old Volkswagen (VW) Beetle — ―The Bug‖ — is making a comeback (回潮).
People who own them are planning to keep them forever. People who don't own them are
paying high prices when they can find one for sale. It's more remarkable when you
realize that VW Company has already stopped producing them.
A spokesman for Volkswagen of America says there were about five million ―Bugs‖
on American roads in 1977. That was the last year they were shipped to America. VW
calculates (估算) that about four million of them are still running, and running, and
running.
Used car businessmen say they can't keep ―Bugs‖ on their lots these days.They feel
it's because these cars have a history of reliable (牢靠的), inexpensive transportation.
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The cars average about 30 miles per gallon of gas.
But all hasn't been smoothly going for the ―Bugs‖. The heating system is poor.And
since it travels very close to the ground, large cars tend to splash(溅) it with winter's
snow and mud. Some in the safety field consider the Beetle as defenseless against
heavier cars. But the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(管理部门)has
nothing that shows any problem with them at all.
66.American people like to have a ―Bug‖ ____ .
A. because it is no more in production
B. because it is reliable an energy-saving
C. because it is remarkable and easy to drive
D. because it is safe
67.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. ―Bugs‖ are more popular than other cars in America.
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B. ―Bugs‖ are now produced in a small quantity.
C. American feel proud if they can own a ―Bug‖ .
D. No ―Bugs‖ have been shipped to America since 1977.
68.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the world ―them‖refers to _____.
A.a car by the name of Volkswagen Beetle
B.heavier cars imported from other countries.
C.people in the safety field
D.people from National Highway Traffic Administration
69.What is the problem with a ―Bug"?
A.It does not go smoothly.
B.It is not comfortable in winter.
C.It splashes mud and water.
D.It travels too slowly.
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70.What can be concluded according to the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration?
A.They are going to investigate into ―Bugs‖ problem.
B.Some of the ―Bugs‖ are not usable any more.
C.It is defenseless when it is hit by a heavy carl.
D.The ―Bugs‖ is good for use.
Passage Three
There are many ways to learn about people of other lands. One way is to study the
clothing other people wear.
For thousands of years, people in different parts of the world have worn very different
types of clothing. There are four big reasons for this.
One reason might be religion. In many Moslem countries, women must wear veils
(面纱) to hide their faces. The veils must be worn in public. Veils are part of the Moslem
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religion. The second reason is that different materials are used in different countries. For
instance, in France the materials used in clothing may be cotton, silk, wool, or many
other man-made materials. Most people in China wear cotton.
The ways clothes are made are also very different. This is another reason why
people dress differently. Western countries rely on machines to make most of their
clothing. Someone living in India can use only hand power to make the clothing he needs.
Worldwide differences in customs also lead to differences in clothing. A Mexican
farmer wears a straw hat with a brim (帽沿) up. In China, a farmer wears a straw hat with
a brim down. Both hats are used to protect the farmers from the sun. Some of these
customs have come down through thousands of years.
71.If you want to learn about the differences about people in the world, you______ .
A．should know the ways to study other lands
B．should know the four big reasons given in the passage
C．may study the different types of clothing people wear
D．may be surprised by the ways people wear hats
72.In many Moslem countries, women have to______in public.
A．wear more clothes than men B．wear veils to hide their faces
C．protect their faces from being hurt D．wear beautiful clothing
73.Which of the following is the reason for the differences in clothing?
A．Materials used for clothes differ from country to country.
B．Cotton is the common material for clothing.
C．Man-made materials are invented to make clothes.
D．Most people like silk clothes.
74.The third reason for different in clothing is______.
A．different materials B．different ways of making clothes
C．different styles of dressing D．different religions
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75.The two examples of wearing hats are given in the last paragraph to show______.
A．the effect of customs on dressing style B．the function of wearing straw hat
C．the correct way of wearing straw hat D．the long history of some customs
Passage Four
Pressure Cooker(高压锅) Safety
When you are cooking with a pressure cooker, you should learn a few common sense (常
识) rules:
1. Never leave the cooker unwatched when it is in use.
2. Add sufficient liquid but never past the recommended fill point. Overfilling the cooker
may block the vent pipe (排气孔) and cause the cooker to explode.
3. Set the cooking time. Too much time may overcook the food or too much pressure
may build up in the cooker. Too little time will lead to undercooked food.
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4. If you are new to pressure cooking, follow the cooking instructions carefully. Heat and
time can either result in a great meal or a ruined one.
5. Never try to force a pressure cooker cover open. Allow the cooker to cool or run it
under cool water before trying to open the cover.
6. Clean the cooker thoroughly after each use. Mild detergent (洗涤剂) and hot water
work the best. Do not use stove ash or sand for they may damage the cooker. The gasket
(密封圈) is best cleaned in warm soapy water and then dried. Store the gasket in the
bottom of the pot.
76.According to the first rule, the user should ________.
A．keep the cooker under close watch B．always keep the cooker half full
C．never leave the cooker empty D．never turn off the stove
77.According to the second rule, too much liquid in the cooker may result in ________.
A．a ruined meal B．undercooked food C．too little pressure D．a blocked vent pipe
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78.According to the fifth rule, a pressure cooker cover should be opened ________.
A．as soon as the cooking is finished B．while it is still on the stove
C．with force when it is hot D．after it is cooled down
79.According to the instructions, which of the following is TRUE?
A．The gasket should be cleaned thoroughly with cold water.
B．Mild detergent and hot water can best clean the cooker.
C．Soapy water will often damage the cooker.
D．Sand can be used to clean the cooker.
80.Which of the following operations may be dangerous?
A．Overfilling the cooker with food and water.
B．Cleaning the cooker with detergent.
C．Cooling the cooker with cold water.
D．Setting too little cooking time.
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Part IV Translation
81.无论问题看起来怎么复杂，他总能找到解决办法。
82.吃过早饭后，作家就坐在书房里处理早上来的信件。
83.她总是很愉快地向我打招呼。
84.你旅游时走陆路还是水路？
85.孩子的性格受家庭环境影响很大。
86.Prices vary with the seasons.
87.A pen is to a writer what a gun is to a fighter .
88.Many girl students specialize in English.
89.Thanks to a kind-hearted taxi driver,Amy arrived at the meeting room in time.
90.The motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, the need for
attention,stress,and so on.
Part V Error Correction
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91.She (A)is so(B) a good teacher that(C) all the students like (D) her.
92.Supposed(A) he does not come(B),shall(C) we go without(D) him?
93.Neither (A) of them were (B)in good health, but (C) both worked (D) very hard.
94.I‘m look(A) forward to hearing(B) good news(C) form you(D).
95.More(A) and mor ,she wanted to communicate(B) for(C) others(D).
96.Her wallet has been stolen(A) from her unlocked car(B) , only(C) because of her
carelessness(D).
97.Weather permit(A),the Johnsons(B) will hold open-air(C) garden party(D).
98.No sooner (A) had they reached (B) there then (C) they were ordered to return to (D)
London.
99.He must have(A) stayed up late(B) last night,mustn‘t(C) he(D) ?
100.That(A) tests can actually give measurement of the languages skills(B) of the
students are(C) questioned by many teachers(D).
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Part VI Writing
Directions: For this part ,you‘re required to write a composition with at least 120 words
based on the following picture.Please entitle an write it on the Answer Sheet.
―You are the only one who know whether the shoes fit your feet.‖
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2013 年河南省普通高等学校
习考试选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学
公共英语 试题参考答案及评分标准
Part I Vocabulary and Structure{40 小题，每小题 1 分，共 40 分)
1~10 DBDAB DADAB 11~20 ABDDB AAACC 21~30 BCBAB ABDDC
31~40 DCDAD BCCCC
PartⅡCloze(20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分)
41~50 ACADA CBDCB 51~60 ADACB DBABD
Part III Reading Comprehension(20 小题，每小题 2 分，共 40 分)
61~70 CDBDC BDABD 71~80 CBABA ADDBA
Part IV Translation(10 小题，每题 2 分，共 20 分)
评分标准：
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本部分为 5 个汉译英和 5 个英译汉句子，每句 2 分，共 20 分。
汉译英要求理解正确，译文忠实原文，语义通顺，整体衔接紧密，符合英文表
达习惯。若结构错译或漏译两处扣 o．5 分，词义漏译或误译两处扣 0．5 分，单词
拼写错误两处扣 0．5 分，其他错误酌情扣分，但每句总扣分不得超过 2 分。
参考答案如下：
81．No matter how complicated the problems may seem to be，he always finds ways to
solve
them．
82．Having taken her breakfast，the writer sat in the study among her morning letters．
83．She always gives me a cheery greeting．
84．Are you traveling by land or by sea?
85．Child's character is greatly influenced by family environment．
英译汉要求理解正确，译文忠实原文，语义通顺，整体衔接紧密，符合中文表
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达习惯。若结构错译或漏译两处扣 0．5 分，词义漏译或误译两处扣 0．5 分，语法
错误扣 0．5 分，单词译错两处扣 o．5 分，其他错误酌情扣分，但每句总扣分不得
超过 2 分。
参考答案如下：
86．物价随季节而变动。
87．笔之于一个作家正如枪支之于一名战士。
88．许多女生专攻英语。
89．幸亏遇到一位好心的出租车司机，Amy 及时到达了会议室。
90．人们自杀的原因种类很多，例如失败、需要关注和压力等。
Part V Error Correction(10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分)
评分标准：
本试题为改错题。每题指出错误得 0．5 分；改正错误得 o．5 分；全部正确得
1 分。
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91．D． so--such
92．A． supposed--supposing
93．D． were--was
94．A． Look-- looking
95．C． for--with
96．A． Has been stolen--was stolen
97．A． permit--permitting
98．C ． when--than
99．C． mustn‘t--didn't
100．C． are --is
Part VI Writing(20 分)
评分标准：
本题主要考齐考生的综合应用能力，包括词汇、语法、语言应用能力等。词句
基
本正确，无重大语法与拼写错误，表达清楚。建议采取整体印象方式判分，从主
题、
内容、意思表达、连贯衔接和语言能力等五个方面综合考虑划分档次，并在档次
内合
理给分。字数为 120 词左右。
16-20 分：主题明确，内容完整，表达清楚，连贯性好，基本无语言错误，拼写
正确。
11-15 分：内容较完整，表达尚清楚，有少量语言错误，拼写基本正确。
6-10 分： 内容大体完整，表达不够清楚，有较多语言错误。
2—5 分： 内容不完整，表达有困难，语言错误多，拼写有错误。
o-1 分： 内容含糊，不能表达意思，且语言错误多。
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